由一起厂内机动车事故引发的思考

本文对一起叉车安全事故的直接原因进行分析,并分别讨论了叉车本身缺陷导致事故发生的可能性、驾驶人员自身的不规范操作,以及使用单位在制度建设及实施方面存在的缺陷.     

重庆大气汞人为排放及其预测

利用排放因子法和灰色预测法对重庆大气汞人为排放进行了研究. 重庆大气汞人为排放量从1997年的6.18 t增加到2008年的13.47 t. 重庆自1997年成为直辖市以来,大气汞排放量累计达99.76 t,年均增长率为9.82%,其中燃煤和水泥生产汞排放量分别达58.34和22.37 t. 以1997─2008年重庆大气汞人为排放数据为依据,运用灰色系统理论建立GM(1,1)大气汞人为排放预测模型,预测了2009─2015年重庆大气汞排放趋势. 如果不采取控制措施,预计2015年重庆大气汞人为排放量约30.92 t,年均增长率将高达16.20%.      

Geochemical and microbial effects on the mobilization of arsenic in mine tailing soils

Arsenic (As) contamination has become a serious environmental problem in many countries. We have performed batch-type leaching experiments on mine tailing soils collected from three abandoned mine areas in South Korea with the objective of evaluating the effect of indigenous bacterial activity on As mobilization. The analysis of physicochemical properties and mineralogical compositions of the samples indicated that the secondary minerals or phases formed as a result of the oxidation or alteration of primary minerals were associated with the labile and bioleachable fractions of As. Compared to simulated abiotic processes using sterilization, the indigenous bacteria activated using a carbon source were able to enhance the dissolution of As under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The bacterial dissolution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) was found to occur simultaneously with the dissolution of As, suggesting that the main bacterial mechanism was via the dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III), Mn(IV), and As(V). An anaerobic environment was more favorable for the prominent dissolution of As in the tailing soils. These results indicate that the mobilization of As can be enhanced in the oxygen-depleted part of the tailing dump, particularly with the infiltration of organic substrates. The difference in the degree of As lixiviation between the three tailing soils was found to be related to the bioavailability of As as well as the original biomass in the tailing soils.     

紫色土小流域土壤及氮磷流失特征研究

紫色土区土壤及其养分流失对长江水环境产生严重威胁。然而,有关该地区自然降雨侵蚀下土壤及氮磷流失规律的研究却较为少见。以紫色土农田利用为主小流域为研究对象,监测自然降雨侵蚀下土壤及其氮磷的流失过程,以期服务于流域尺度土壤及养分流失的模拟与控制。结果表明,次降雨径流含沙量与流量的变化基本同步,峰值含沙量往往出现在峰值流量处或略有提前,此后,含沙量迅速降低。硝态氮流失浓度与流量的变化成反比,峰值流量处流失浓度一般达到最低,此后,随着流量的降低,其流失浓度存在较为明显的升高过程。铵态氮与水溶性磷的流失表现为剧烈波动的变化特征。氮素流失的主要形态是硝态氮,其占到次降雨无机氮流失总量的88%～97%。     

Molecular sieve material from liquid–crystal-display waste glass and silicon carbide sludge via hydrothermal process with alkali fusion pretreatment

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The goal of this paper was to synthesize eco-humidity-conditioned Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves (CHCMs) from liquid–crystal-display...     

Overview of GHS (Globally Harmonized System) in Korea and the direction of further development

Many chemicals are being developed with the growth of science technology. Such chemicals bring many advantages to humans but also cause many social problems because of the hazards of the materials. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system which identifies the hazards of chemicals. Some acts or regulations about information on warning labels or MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) information for chemicals are similar in each country but there are differences in definitions of degree of hazard, standard classification of harmful level, and indication methods. GHS is the indication method of worldwide integrated classification standard in order to prevent damage caused by disease or risks of accidents resulting from confusion by the users. In keeping pace with the world trend, Korea has conducted translation of the GHS manual from UN and selected it as the official GHS manual of the Korean government. The official Korean GHS translated version was published in July 2005. After that, the Korea Ministry of Employment and Korea Labor and the Ministry of Environment have implemented GHS MSDS for chemical substances since July 1, 2010 so that manufacturers and importers are required to apply it. The full implementation for compound materials will start on July 1, 2013. In Korea, database information for chemicals is provided by four organizations including The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. However, domestic information on chemicals provided by domestic information providers has problems including differences in basic content and incorrect recording because of trade secrets. Efforts for improvement including reinforcing training for manufacturers and importers on recording consistent information for different organizations are urgently needed.     

Modified explosive diagram for determining gas-mixture explosibility

Determination of mine gas explosibility is definitely a significant work for mine safety especially when any mine rescue strategies are under planning or implementing. In detail, its importance can be well understood by the following two aspects: First, if a coal mine's production is under the normal conditions, the underground mine atmosphere must be monitored as a timely matter and its explosibility should also be determined shortly due to the continuous emission of methane or other combustible gases. Thus, the critical time which means a time period that combustible gases could build up to reach the lower flammable limit and then pass the upper flammable limit can be effectively watched and controlled. Second, when facing a mine rescue work or mitigating a hazard of mine accidents (gas explosion, coal fire, etc.), the explosibility determination is also very critical for miners' lives. In this paper, a widely used mine gas explosibility determination method, the Coward diagram, is going to be modified to improve its accuracy. The improvements made in this research effort include: (1) expanding the original Coward diagram; (2) correcting flammable limits; (3) redefining the nose limit for each combustible gas; (4) developing an equation to predict the excess amount of inert gas for individual combustible gas. Finally, the flowchart of the modified Coward explosibility diagram method is listed. By a cross-verification study, it shows that the modified Coward method has better accuracy and reliability and could be applied in practices.     

Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.     

RETRACTED:

Jianfeng Li  Sandra M.Y. Lee  Wenmao Liu 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(3):213-220

Effects of carrying handles,postures, materials and distances on carrying capability

This study recruited 14 industrial workers to examine the effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on maximum acceptable weights of carrying (MAWC), and resulting heart rate and body rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a 20 min intensive carrying task. This study showed that MAWC of carrying with bar handles, carrying with hands-and-body posture, solid materials and 4?m distance were significantly higher than that of carrying with groove handles, carrying with hands posture, liquid materials and 8?m distance, respectively. The resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of groove handles, hands-and-body carrying posture, solid materials and 4?m distance were lower than the resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of bar handles, hands carrying posture, liquid materials and 8?m distance, respectively. Most pair levels of independent variables resulted in similar body's RPEs except for the pair levels of carrying distance.