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901.
试验考察了东阿县污水处理厂一期A2/O工艺厌氧池去除有机污染物效能,当进水ρ(COD)为548.3 mg/L时,厌氧池平均去除率达78.7%。同时探讨了几种常见数学模型模拟厌氧池去除有机物规律情况,根据实际工程监测数据确定有机底物降解动力学常数,得出Grau模型、Stover-kincannon模型和改进的Monod模型较适合模拟厌氧池去除有机物的规律,并对模型进行了检验。 相似文献
902.
903.
CFD技术在水处理紫外消毒中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了紫外消毒在水处理中应用的现状,阐述了计算流体力学(CFD)的基本原理及其应用背景;论述了CFD技术在紫外消毒模型建立方面的关键因素:水力、辐射和剂量模拟;从消毒效率预测和设备结构优化两个方面对CFD技术在水处理紫外消毒中的应用进行了分析,并对其前景进行了展望,提出了今后的研究重点。 相似文献
904.
905.
Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum
minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and
phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates
in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth
of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates
only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day
12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited
phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL
(0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth
phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These
results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew
well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits. 相似文献
906.
Yanhui Li Bing Xi Quansheng Zhao Fuqiang Liu Pan Zhang Qiuju Du Dechang Wang Da Li Zonghua Wang Yanzhi Xia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(3):404-411
Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal
adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized
kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+
adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum
Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction
was a spontaneous and endothermic process. 相似文献
907.
Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous
silicates hybrid materials
Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water.
A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal
cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion
technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well
fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data
from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and
the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse
e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In
addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and
relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment. 相似文献
908.
Yusheng Wang Zhiguo Pei Xiaoquan Shan Guangcai Chen Jing Zhang Yaning Xie Lirong Zheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):112-118
The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior
onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of
NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however,
this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the
metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent
nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased
adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and
these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining
acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash. 相似文献
909.
This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The
results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl
radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the
photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism
for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of
atrazine in the copper-polluted water. 相似文献
910.
Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental
problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and
sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated
runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters
the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg
contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of
higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The
concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4
2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation
of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within
10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60%
for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction
(DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved
phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%). 相似文献