Modeling obsolete computer stock under regional data constraints: An Atlanta case study

In this paper, we report on our efforts to develop a research framework that can be used to quantify waste flows for different geographical areas in the face of limited waste data availability. We demonstrate this framework in our case study of obsolete computers in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We develop computer obsolescence rates at the national metropolitan level, and couple this data with economic information at the census tract level to generate product inventory estimates (PIE) of the stock of obsolete computers from both business and household sectors in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We seek to improve the accuracy of waste flow estimates for specific geographic areas over those of previous studies, provide an easily replicable and cost effective methodology, highlight the ensuing spatial implications for collection and recycling systems using GIS, and demonstrate the potential economic benefits from diverting electronic wastes within a region. The modeling framework we have developed is intended to be applicable to other regions and to other medium range durable goods discarded by households, businesses, or obtained from buildings.     

植物CytP450和抗氧化酶对土壤菲、芘暴露的生态毒理响应

以玉米(Zea mays L.)为供试植物,草甸棕壤为供试土壤,以微粒体细胞色素P450含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性为指标,进行了土壤菲、芘暴露的生态毒理响应研究.结果表明,菲、芘暴露均能引起植物代谢解毒和抗氧化防御系统的胁迫响应,不同程度引发植物代谢解毒及抗氧化能力的改变.P450酶活性与低浓度菲、芘单-暴露浓度具有相关性(r=0.834,P<0.01),与菲、芘复合暴露浓度负相关,说明菲、芘复合暴露导致代谢解毒能力下降,对植物的代谢解毒具有协同毒性效应;SOD酶活性与菲、芘单一暴露浓度负相关,CAT酶活性与菲、芘单-暴露浓度正相关,POD酶活性与菲的水溶解度正相关,而与芘的总浓度负相关.SOD、CAT和POD酶活性与菲、芘复合暴露浓度均呈正相关,说明菲、芘复合暴露导致氧化损伤程度减弱,对植物的氧化损伤具有拮抗作用.