南淝河沉积物有机物污染及其生态风险评价

参照文献报道的提取方法,利用GC和HPLC对南淝河不同河段沉积物中的四种浓度较高有机污染物(苯酚、氯代苯类、多环芳烃(PAHs)和邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs))进行了定量分析,结果表明其浓度高低顺序为多环芳烃类＞邻苯二甲酸酯类＞氯代苯类＞苯酚类.与世界各地表层沉积物中有机污染物的浓度进行对比,分析了南淝河各河段沉积物的有...     

不同氮源和曝气方式对淡水藻类生长的影响

利用水族箱微宇宙研究了2种氮源水体中不同曝气条件对藻类生长的影响.试验使用铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)作为氮源,每种氮源水体分别设置不曝气、连续曝气、昼间曝气和夜间曝气4个处理.结果显示:试验初期以NH₄⁺-N为主要氮源的水体中藻类生长明显好于以NO₃^--N为主要氮源的水体.试验后期则以NO₃^--N为主要氮源的藻类生长情况更好.连续曝气对于2种氮源水体中藻类生长有着不同的影响;昼间曝气对2种氮源的藻类生长影响不大;而夜间曝气对藻类生长有明显的抑制作用.NH₄⁺-N含量较高的水体中蓝藻容易成为优势种,而NO₃^--N含量高的水体中则以绿藻为主.不同曝气条件下藻类优势种没有明显差别.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.     

中国污染场地管理面临的问题及对策

概述了欧美国家污染场地管理现状,分析了中国污染场地管理面临的突出问题:中国在污染土壤管理的法律法规和标准、污染土壤的修复技术、污染土壤治理投入等方面同欧美国家有一定的差距.结合污染场地管理和场地风险评估、场地修复条件以及土地利用功能,提出了基于风险评估基础上污染场地管理程序和污染场地管理亟待开展的工作.指出了土壤环境标准体系,污染场地管理体系和污染场地修复技术体系的三元结构的完善是破解中国污染场地管理和修复的难题的根本.     

治理催化超临界水氧化处理1,5-萘二磺酸

采用Mn2O3γAl2O3和V2O5γAl2O3为催化剂,在一连续流固定床反应器中进行了超临界水氧化1,5萘二磺酸实验。实验结果表明,在380～440℃,24MPa条件下,Mn2O3γAl2O3和V2O5γAl2O3催化剂对1,5萘二磺酸的氧化降解具有显著的促进作用,TOC去除率达到90%以上;催化剂的催化效果随反应温度的升高而增强,随pH值的降低而增强,随停留时间的延长先增强后趋于平缓。     

餐饮源油烟中PM2.5的化学组分特征

集中分析了餐饮无组织排放源(街边小吃、火锅店、露天烧烤)及有组织排放源(10家大中型餐馆)油烟PM_2.5中的TC(总碳)、元素组分、离子组分和16种PAHs,得到了各类餐饮源油烟PM_2.5的化学组成特征,建立了餐饮源油烟化学成分谱. 结果表明:各餐饮源油烟的ρ(PM_2.5)是大气背景值的3~42倍,其中露天烧烤油烟的ρ(PM_2.5)最高,达5 659.8 μg/m3. 不同餐饮源油烟的PM_2.5中各化学组分均为w(TC)(38.1%~75.8%)＞w(元素组分)(4.5%~27.0%)＞w(离子组分)(2.7%~22.6%),并且ρ(PM_2.5)与w(TC)呈显著正相关(R=0.84). 菲(PHE)、芘(PYR)、荧蒽(FLT)的质量分数在各类餐饮源油烟的PAHs中均普遍较高,分别为13.8%~21.6%、9.2%~26.5%、6.9%~22.0%.大中型餐馆油烟的PAHs中苯并苝(BPE)的质量分数最高(27.5%),而在其他餐饮源中均小于6.7%;(CHR)的质量分数最低(3.3%),而在其他餐饮源中均大于5.3%. 露天烧烤油烟的PAHs中芘、荧蒽的质量分数分别是其他餐饮源的2.7和2.3倍以上;萘(NAP)的质量分数(0.3%)较小,但在其他餐饮源中均大于11.4%,可以作为特定餐饮源油烟的特征物种.      

淮北国家城市湿地公园野生植物区系及栽培植物营建

论文对淮北煤矿塌陷区国家城市湿地公园野生植物区系进行调查,对公园栽培植物营建进行分析。结果表明：1）该区共有野生植物42科95属115种,其中单子叶植物6科27种,双子叶植物35科87种,蕨类植物1科1种。菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）和豆科（Leguminosae）为优势科;属的成分相对分散,均为寡种属和单种属;植物以农田杂草为主,区系成分简单,野生湿地植物种类优势明显。2）湿地公园湿地植被划分为2个植被型组、5个植被型和18个群系。白茅（Imperata cylindrical）、藜（Chenopodium album）、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、苍耳（Xanthium sibiricum）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、香蒲（Typha orientalis）等为湿地公园湿地植物优势种群,形成大面积优势群落。3）栽培植物共计19科31属34种,主要有意杨（Populus × canadensis ‘I-214’）、垂柳（Salix babylonica）、冬青卫矛（Euonymus japonica）、马尼拉草（Zoysia tenuifolia）等。4）园区有喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）等外来植物共10种,其中小花山桃草（Gaura parviflora）为安徽省首次记录。论文针对公园野生植物保护及栽培植物营建中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的保护及修复对策。     

基于投影寻踪的资源环境综合绩效评估方法研究

资源环境综合绩效评估是建设节约型社会的一项基础工作.在传统的资源环境综合绩效指数中,各种资源消耗和污染物排放绩效的权重相等,导致综合评价结果的合理性受到影响.针对该问题,通过构建投影指标函数和采用遗传算法对投影方向进行优化,提出了基于投影寻踪的资源环境综合绩效评估方法,并应用于2007年中国各省、直辖市和自治区的资源环境绩效评估.研究结果表明,中国资源环境绩效水平空间差异明显,呈现东部高西部低的特征,因此必须合理调整西部地区的经济结构,提高资源利用效率和加强环境保护,实现可持续发展.该方法的权重取值较为客观和科学,评估结果合理,值得推广应用.     

Quantifying the characteristics of particulate matters captured by urban plants using an automatic approach

It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope(SEM)micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found(1) Rosa xanthina Lindl(shrub species) had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera(broadleaf species) and Pinus bungeana Zucc.(coniferous species), in terms of particle number and particle area cover.(2) 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.(3) 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.