玉米中四种镰刀菌毒素系统检测方法的研究

本文用气相色谱仪同步检测霉变玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、二乙酰氧基镳草镰刀菌烯醇、Ｔ－２毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮四种镰刀菌毒素,并筛选出较理想的衍生化试剂和衍生化条件。确定从玉米中对极性不同的四种毒素都有较高回收率的萃取、净化程序。建立了玉米中四种毒素的系统检测方法。本方法对四种毒素的回收率均达到８０％以上。     

Relation of lead adsorption on birnessites with different average oxidation states of manganese and release of Mn^2＋/H^＋/K^＋

The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio...     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

电厂屏式过热器弯头开裂原因失效分析

通过外观检查、硬度、金相等检测方法,从金属管壁超温运行、蒸汽侧氧化行为、析出相及冷弯变形对组织性能影响等方面分析了某电厂1 000 MW超超临界机组屏式过热器弯头开裂原因,得出TP347HFG弯头开裂的主要原因是弯头组织富含较多的σ相、NbC等硬脆析出相,同时冷弯加工导致管子内部产生残余应力,加剧了弯头脆性开裂的倾向。     

长三角典型地区土壤环境中Se的空间变异特征及其与人类健康的关系

农业土壤环境中硒（Se）的缺乏或过量都会通过食物链最终影响人类健康。在203个土壤采样点的基础上,利用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,对江苏省如皋市农田土壤环境中Se的空间变异特征及其影响因素进行分析,同时,对土壤中Se的空间分布与长寿人口的空间分布进行空间叠加分析。研究结果表明,如皋市土壤环境中总Se及水溶态Se的平均含量分别为0.13 mg/kg和2.16 μg/kg,研究区处在相对低Se的土壤环境中。总Se的空间变异性不大,其空间分布比较均一;但水溶态Se的空间变异性较大,主要受成土条件及土壤母质、土壤类型及地形地貌等结构性因子的影响。水溶态Se对土壤的理化性质也比较敏感,特别是速效磷、有机质及全钾含量与水溶态硒的相关性较显著,因此在有机质及土壤养分含量较高、土壤颗粒组成较细的东部及北部地区水溶态硒的含量也较高。土壤水溶态Se的空间分异与长寿人口比率的空间分异呈极显著的正相关关系(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<001),相关系数达〖WTBX〗r〖WTBZ〗=0325,表明人类的健康长寿现象与环境中水溶态硒的含量有很大关系,但人类长寿的本质和真正机理仍需进一步研究验证。     

基于力学机制的钢筋混凝土柱抗剪承载力模型∗

为了兼顾钢筋混凝土(RC)柱抗剪承载力分析的计算精度和简便性,研究建立了一种基于力学机制的RC柱抗剪承载力简化模型。首先基于变角桁架-拱模型理论,结合变角桁架模型的力平衡条件以及变角桁架模型和拱模型之间的变形协调条件,建立了RC柱抗剪承载力分析的理论模型;然后利用38组试验数据进行统计分析,分别确定了混凝土、箍筋和拱模型的抗剪承载力贡献系数近似取值,在此基础上建立了R C柱抗剪承载力分析的简化模型;最后通过与试验数据进行对比分析,验证了该模型的计算精度和适用性。分析结果表明,该模型不仅可以合理分析混凝土、箍筋和拱作用的抗剪承载力贡献,具有较高的计算精度,而且计算公式较为简洁。     

压实黄土抗剪强度参数影响因素研究

为了进一步研究河南三门峡地区黄土抗剪强度的影响因素,采用应变控制式三轴仪对不同含水量、不同压实度下的重塑黄土进行不固结不排水三轴试验。试验结果表明:相同压实度下,随着含水量的增加,应力应变关系曲线由弱应变硬化向强应变硬化转变;粘聚力与内摩擦角均随含水量的增加而减小,粘聚力与含水量的变化呈明显负线性相关,内摩擦角与含水量无明显的相关性。相同含水量下,粘聚力与内摩擦角随压实度的增加而逐渐增大,且呈现出明显的指数相关。含水量对抗剪强度参数的影响比压实度大。对以上强度参数采用最小二乘法进行拟合,得出考虑含水率和压实度的抗剪强度相关关系式,能够较为准确的反映在某种试验条件下强度参数的变化规律,为实际工程应用和数值模拟提供依据。     

固定化白腐真菌反应器与接触氧化反应器联用处理癸二酸生产废水

采用固定化白腐真菌(WRF)反应器与接触氧化反应器联用处理癸二酸废水。在WRF反应器中,以汽曝玉米秸秆为载体,并添加铜、铁促进白腐真菌生长和产酶作用,载体的使用寿命约为45 d。在进水苯酚平均质量浓度为69.36 mg/L、平均进水COD为1 648.81 mg/L的条件下,经WRF反应器处理后,苯酚平均质量浓度降至7.59 mg/L,平均出水COD降至478.03 mg/L;再经接触氧化反应器处理后,苯酚平均质量浓度降至1.65 mg/L,平均出水COD降至297.31 mg/L。     

废轮胎与煤共热解失重特性研究

采用热解重量分析法研究了废轮胎粉、炼焦煤粉(简称煤粉)及混合样的热解特性。实验结果表明,废轮胎粉的热解出现三个显著的失重峰,煤粉热解仅出现一个显著失重峰。与煤粉热解相比,废轮胎粉热解开始失重温度和失重基本结束的温度相对较低,失重速率较大,且失重量较大。煤粉与废轮胎粉的显著失重存在重叠的温度区间(360～450℃),说明废轮胎粉与煤粉可以进行共热解。随废轮胎粉质量分数增加,共热解物料总失重率增加。废轮胎粉与煤粉共热解存在协同效应,在280～540℃时协同效应抑制共热解挥发分的逸出,导致失重量降低,最大失重速率峰温升高;高于540℃后,协同效应促进共热解反应,使共热解总失重率增大。     

奥地利乘车话安全

<正>初到奥地利,无论是城市还是乡村小镇,都能看到又大又醒目的路标:前方是学校、幼儿园或小孩经常出入和玩耍的地段,请各位格外小心。奥地利人口仅811.8万,机动车却有570万辆。车辆虽多,但奥地利的公路交通却秩序井然。然而,在20世纪90年代,奥地利的交通状况还