知识经济时代的企业经营与管理

21世纪经济正向着知识经济时代迈进.知识经济不仅对人类的生产方式和生活方式产生着深远影响,而且对企业的经营方式和管理模式也将产生深远的影响.我国企业在知识经济时代下,如何转变和调整经营与管理方式己成为新世纪的重大课题.     

杉木种子园母树针叶中营养元素变化规律的研究

本文对湖南省东安县杉木无性系种子园通过分析杉木针叶营养元素年变化规律,确定营养分析的样品采集期,初步对球花产量与针叶中N、P、K含量之间关系进行探讨,制定出营养元素含量的临界值和最适范围。     

Reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory in Chinese drivers

Objective: The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI) has been widely used in assessing the associations between driving styles and traffic violations and accidents in different cultural contexts. Due to the lack of a valid instrument to assess driving style, studies concerning driving style and its influence factors are limited in China. Thus, this study aimed to adapt and validate a Chinese version of the MDSI.

Methods: Seven hundred and sixty drivers aged from 19 to 60 years old were asked to complete the MDSI and a personality scale (trait anger, sensation seeking, altruism, and normlessness). Exploratory factory analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to obtain the factorial structure of the MDSI. The external validity of the MDSI was then evaluated by examining the associations between driving styles and personality traits, demographic variables, and traffic violations and crashes.

Results: EFA revealed a 6-factor structure of the MDSI (i.e., risky, anxious, angry, distress reduction, careful, and dissociative driving styles). CFA confirmed that the model fit of the MDSI was acceptable. The MDSI factors were moderately or weakly correlated with trait anger, sensation seeking, altruism, and normlessness. Significant gender and age differences in driving styles were found. Moreover, drivers who had traffic violations or crashes in the past year scored higher on risky and angry driving styles and lower on careful driving style than those who had not have traffic violations or crashes.

Conclusions: The Chinese version of the MDSI proved to be a reliable, valid, and highly useful instrument. It could be used to assess Chinese drivers who are at risk due to their maladaptive driving styles.     

Gas chromatographic separation and determination of chloroanthracene isomers on fly ash

An efficient, reproducible and rapid fused silica capillary column gas chromatographic method, in splitless mode, for analysing of the three chloroanthracene isomers is described. The method affords efficient separation and good linearity for each isomer in the range of 0.2 -200 μg/ml. The method can also be used in separation and determination of another thirty three aromatic and their halosubstituted compounds. This paper also presents the applications of the method in analysing of complex products mixture from reaction of the selected aromatic compounds with hydrogen chloride on fly ash surface from municipal incinerator.     

云南兰坪铅锌矿区优势植物重金属富集特性及应用潜力

为筛选适合云南高原地区重金属污染土壤修复治理以及矿区生态复垦的植物材料,通过实地野外调查,采集云南兰坪铅锌矿区18种优势植物样品及相应根系土壤,测定其Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Ni、 Pb和Zn含量,计算植物对重金属的富集和转运系数,通过聚类分析方法,综合评估植物的应用潜力.结果表明, 18种优势植物分属18属13科,均为草本植物.植物体内多种重金属含量均高于植物正常含量,其中,延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo)、旱芹菜(Carum bretschneideri)和毛连菜(Picris hieracioides)地上部Cd含量分别达到62.29、 76.49和85.09 mg·kg^-1,Cd富集系数分别为0.57、 0.58和0.66,转运系数分别为0.89、 0.45和1.48,有着较强的吸收和转移土壤重金属Cd能力,具有修复Cd污染土壤潜力.狼毒(Euphorbia fischeriana)和倒提壶(Cynoglossum amabile)地上部Cd含量分别为0.46 mg·kg^-1和0.23 mg·kg^-1     

阿哈水库浮游植物功能群时空分布特征及其影响因子分析

为了解贵州高原阿哈水库的浮游植物功能类群时空分布特征及其影响因素,于2012年至2013年枯水期(11月)、平水期(4月)、丰水期(7月)对浮游植物与水样进行分层采样分析.研究结果表明:浮游植物可分为23个功能群,优势功能群为B、D、J、LO、P、S1和X1,其时空分布特征表现为:枯水期、平水期与丰水期分别以B+D+P+LO、S1+LO以及S1为主,其丰度由枯水期至丰水期依次递增;优势功能群主要在15 m以下水体发生变化,营养物质分布差异及人工放闸泄水是产生该特征的主要原因;采样点大坝和库中的优势功能群季节变化大致相同,但却表现出大坝多于库中,而其丰度却低于库中的特征,水动力条件是导致这一变化的主要原因.经RDA分析得出,优势功能群丰度与水温呈正相关,与总氮、透明度、磷酸盐、硝氮呈负相关,其中水温、透明度为影响浮游植物功能群时空分布的主要因子.     

一种模拟动力学边界条件的环境振动试验方法研究

目的提高环境振动试验的可靠性。方法以某典型钛合金蜂窝夹芯壁板试验件为例,提出一种模拟试验件动力学边界条件的试验方法,在试验件周围引入弹性连接件,再通过刚性转接工装与振动台台面连接,以试验件在试验安装状态下的共振频率及振型节线位置为优化目标,以弹性连接件的外形尺寸及厚度为优化变量,对弹性连接件进行优化设计,从而模拟试验件真实的动力学边界条件。结果弹性连接件的优化设计使得试验件在试验安装状态下前两阶共振频率与试验要求相差小于8%,而且振型节线位置与试验要求基本重合,达到了模拟试验件真实动力学边界条件的设计目标。结论对于壁板类试验件,在传统刚性夹具的基础上引入弹性连接件的试验方法,可以较好地模拟试验件真实动力学边界条件,提高环境振动试验的可靠性,并且这种方法对试验费用及试验周期影响较小,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Bi-PbO2电极电化学氧化去除模拟废水中氨氮的研究

本实验采用钛网作为基体,利用电沉积方法制备了纯PbO2电极和Bi-PbO2电极,通过SEM、XRD、XPS对电极的表面形态进行了表征,利用循环伏安法对Bi-PbO2电极电化学特性进行了研究.同时,以氨氮模拟废水作为研究对象,考察了Bi-PbO2电极的电催化活性,探讨了氨氮电化学氧化降解机理.结果表明,Bi-PbO2电极的形态表征、电催化活性明显高于纯PbO2电极,氨氮的去除效率随电流密度的增加而提高,碱性条件下氨氮的去除效果明显好于酸性条件,适量浓度的Cl-的引入在碱性条件下提高了氨氮的去除效果.当氨氮初始浓度为50 mg·L-1、电流密度为40 mA·cm-2、pH=12、Cl-浓度为600 mg·L-1时,电解120 min后,氨氮100%去除.氨氮的降解机理为:体系中无添加氯离子,酸性条件下氨氮主要是通过间接氧化去除,碱性条件下通过直接电氧化和间接氧化共同完成;体系中添加氯离子,氨氮的去除主要是通过溶液中生成的有效氯间接氧化去除.     

两点进水条件下多种A2/O工艺的运行效果

在两点进水的条件下采用A2/O工艺处理化工园区废水厌氧水解出水,分析配水比对A2/O工艺处理效果的影响,以及在最优配水条件下,各类A2/O工艺处理废水的实际效果.结果表明,在厌氧段-缺氧段的配水比为30%～70%时,A2/O工艺的处理效果最好.在两点进水条件下的各类A2/O工艺中,倒置A2/O和改良A2/O比常规A2/...