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31.
Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95 days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79 days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential. 相似文献
32.
氯化汞对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的DNA损伤作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
探索氯化汞对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性的分子遗传机制。分别以 0 .0 1、0 .10、1.0 0 mmol/L的氯化汞体外处理小鼠睾丸细胞和以 0 .5、1.0、5 .0 μmol/kg的氯化汞体内暴露小鼠 ,应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测生殖细胞 DNA的损伤。体外处理 3种剂量组小鼠睾丸生殖细胞 DNA损伤率显著高于阴性对照组 ( 0 mmol/L组 ,P<0 .0 0 1) ;0 .1、1.0 mmol/L剂量组慧星细胞迁移率显著高于阴性对照组 ( P<0 .0 0 1,P<0 .0 5 )。体内暴露 3种浓度氯化汞组小鼠睾丸生殖细胞 DNA损伤率显著高于阴性对照组 ( 0μmol/kg,P<0 .0 0 1) ,5 .0 μmol/kg组慧星迁移率显著高于阴性对照组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。一定剂量的氯化汞处理引起生殖细胞 DNA损伤作用可能是氯化汞细胞毒性的机制之一。 相似文献
33.
Tienan Ju Mei Lei Guanghui Guo Jinglun Xi Yang Zhang Yuan Xu Qijia Lou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(1):8
34.
Preliminary research was conducted about how to incorporate sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments into single-chemical and one-dimensional water quality model of Jinghang Canal.Sedimentation-resuspension coefficient k3 was deduced; characteristics of organic pollutants, concentrations and components of suspended solids/sediments and hydrological and hydraulic conditions were integrated into k3 and further into river water quality model; impact of sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments on prediction function of the model was discussed. Results demonstrated that this impact is pronounced for organic pollutants with relatively large Koc and Kow, especially when they are also conservative and foc of riversuspended solids/sediments is high, and that incorporation of sorption/ desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model can improve its prediction accuracy. 相似文献
35.
酰胺类除草剂的广泛使用对水生生态环境构成了潜在风险。为探究其对藻类的毒性作用,以铜绿微囊藻为对象,分别从藻类生长和氧化损伤效应角度探讨了甲草胺、乙草胺和丁草胺对铜绿微囊藻的毒性影响。实验结果显示,酰胺类除草剂对藻类的影响存在明显的滞后效应和剂量–效应关系,低浓度暴露组刺激藻类增长,高浓度表现为抑制作用;3种酰胺类除草剂增加了铜绿微囊藻的氧化压力,并随着暴露时间的延长和浓度的增加而增强。其中,藻体内过氧化脂质降解产物丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加,同时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性也显著增强。经96 h暴露后,甲草胺(32.0 mg·L~(-1))、乙草胺(32.0 mg·L~(-1))和丁草胺(15.0 mg·L~(-1))暴露溶液中相对MDA含量分别为138%、204%和154%,相对SOD活性分别为116%、87%和115%,相对POD活性分别475%、278%和627%。结合生物量及氧化损伤效应实验结果可知,3种除草剂对铜绿微囊藻的毒性大小顺序为丁草胺乙草胺甲草胺。 相似文献
36.
Ziyang LOU Xiaoli CHAI Youcai ZHAO Yu SONG Nanwen ZHU Jinping JIA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):405-410
Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized with 14 key parameters. Simultaneously, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to develop a synthetic parameter-F based on these 14 parameters, and a logarithm equation was simulated for the landfill stabilization process finally. It was predicted that leachates would meet Class I and Class II in standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste (GB 16889-1997) after 32 years and 22 years disposal under the natural attenuation in the humid and warm southern areas of China, respectively. The predication of landfill state would be more accurate and useful according to the synthetic parameter F of leachate from a working landfill. 相似文献
37.
锅炉废气流化床污泥干化塔的热力计算与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用锅炉尾部废烟气(120~190℃)干化市政污泥,降低污泥含水率可达到后继合理利用。从三方面对污泥干化进行了分析:1)干燥后污泥含水率与污泥处理量关系;2)入口烟温、流量与污泥处理量关系;3)干燥后烟气相对湿度影响因素分析。结果表明:提高入口烟温、流量,污泥出口含水率都可以提高污泥处理量,高入口烟温、流量下,污泥处理量受含水率的影响更大;污泥出口含水率高时,入口烟温提高使污泥处理量提高增大显著;入口烟气流量愈高,入口烟温提高对污泥处理量的增加愈大。干燥后烟气相对湿度与入口烟温有关,干燥之后的烟气的相对湿度离饱和状态较远,此温度范围内的出口烟气湿度还有较大的余量。 相似文献
38.
本文基于我国近海典型底栖双壳类生物毛蚶、紫贻贝急性和慢性毒性效应实验数据,分析了重金属汞对受试生物体质量、体长及消化腺超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)酶活力的影响,获取了无观察效应浓度(No Observed Effect Concentration, NOEC),并以生存率为反应终点分析计算了重金属汞的非检测毒性效应浓度及半致死浓度。结果表明,各实验组SOD酶活力的组内方差与组间方差的差异整体上并不显著(P > 0.05),实验周期内仅在个别时间处理组间存在显著性差异(P < 0.05);实验周期内毛蚶和紫贻贝体质量、体长的组内方差与组间方差并没有显著性差异(P > 0.1),体长及体质量不适合作为毒性效应的评价终点。重金属汞对毛蚶、紫贻贝的非检测毒性效应浓度分别为23.7 μg·L-1、87.8 μg·L-1,半致死浓度分别为683.4 μg·L-1、773.2 μg·L-1。 相似文献
39.
电化学法处理苯酚模拟废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
电化学法处理废水中有机污染物,具有效率高、操作简便、与环境兼容等优点,是一种很有潜力的高级氧化技术。实验是以废旧一号干电池中的碳棒作电极,用烧杯作电解池,在室温下,通过改变支持电解质(Na2SO4)浓度、负载电压、pH值和苯酚初始浓度等影响因素,对苯酚模拟废水进行电化学处理,利用高效液相色谱仪对其处理效果进行了分析研究,结果表明:支持电解质(Na2SO4)浓度为20.0g/L、负载电压为5.5V、pH值为8.0是处理苯酚模拟废水的最佳条件。最后对苯酚的降解机理进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
40.
Shou-Qing Liu Shi Cheng Li Luo Hong-Ying Cheng Song-Jun Wang Shuai Lou 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(1):31-35
Rhodamine B can be degraded using Prussian blue as a photo-Fenton like reagent under λ > 420 nm visible irradiation. Kinetic
studies show ln(C
o/C
t
) is linearly proportional to the reaction time during the photo-degradation process; thus, the degradation reaction obeys
a pseudo-first order kinetic law. It is very interesting that the presence of salinity such as 0.1 M KCl can speed up greatly
the degradation rate: the time to achieve 90.0% degradation ratio is shortened from 120.0 to 40.0 min under comparable conditions,
which is very useful in the treatment of wastewaters with high content of salinity. 相似文献