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81.
Belarmino?Carneiro?da?Silva Neto André?Luiz?Borba?do?Nascimento Nicola?Schiel R?mulo?Romeu?Nóbrega AlvesEmail author Antonio?Souto Ulysses?Paulino?AlbuquerqueEmail author 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(5):1795-1813
The hunting of wild animals remains a common activity in various parts of the world, especially in rural communities with poor socioeconomic conditions. To investigate patterns of mammal hunting, this study adopted a rural community located in semiarid Brazil as a model to test whether variables such as perceived abundance, activity period (day or night) and animal biomass could influence the consumption potential of mammal taxa. For this study, a checklist/interview technique using 32 photographs of mammals recorded in the region and two photographs of species that did not occur in the region, which acted as “control” species, was used, in addition to other visual stimuli and free lists. All species presented in the photographs, with the exception of the “control” species, were recognized as occurring in the region. Fourteen species were cited as being those most hunted locally. The species cited as most hunted had an average perceived abundance higher than the group of the least-hunted species. However, there was no significant relationship between hunting of a species and its locally perceived abundance. No significant difference in hunting pressure between diurnal and nocturnal species was found, nor was a relationship between animal biomass and hunting pressure observed. Our findings suggest that perceived abundance is an important factor for choosing a resource fauna, but other factors such as intended use, meat flavor and vulnerability to hunting, among others, may influence the potential use of a species. 相似文献
82.
Tatiane Medeiros Melo Michael Bottlinger Elke Schulz Wilson Mozena Leandro Adelmo Menezes de Aguiar Filho Yong Sik Ok Jörg Rinklebe 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(6):1351-1364
The hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge has been studied as an alternative technique for the conversion of sewage sludge into value-added products, such as soil amendments. We tested the toxicity of biosolid hydrochar (Sewchar) to earthworms. Additionally, the toxicity of Sewchar process water filtrate with and without pH adjustment was assessed, using brine shrimps as a model organism. For a Sewchar application of 40 Mg ha?1, the earthworms significantly preferred the side of the vessel with the reference soil (control) over side of the vessel with the Sewchar treatments. There was no acute toxicity of Sewchar to earthworms within the studied concentration range (up to 80 Mg ha?1). Regarding the Sewchar process water filtrate, the median lethal concentration (LC50) to the shrimps was 8.1% for the treatments in which the pH was not adjusted and 54.8% for the treatments in which the pH was adjusted to 8.5. The lethality to the shrimps significantly increased as the amount of Sewchar process water filtrate increased. In the future, specific toxic substances in Sewchar and its process water filtrate, as well as their interactions with soil properties and their impacts on organisms, should be elucidated. Additionally, it should be identified whether the amount of the toxic compounds satisfies the corresponding legal requirements for the safe application of Sewchar and its process water filtrate. 相似文献
83.
Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi Laura Rabelo Leite Guilherme Oliveira Carlos Augusto Lemos Chernicharo Juliana Calabria de Araújo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16751-16764
Methane is produced in anaerobic environments, such as reactors used to treat wastewaters, and can be consumed by methanotrophs. The composition and structure of a microbial community enriched from anaerobic sewage sludge under methane-oxidation condition coupled to denitrification were investigated. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis retrieved sequences of Methylocaldum and Chloroflexi. Deep sequencing analysis revealed a complex community that changed over time and was affected by methane concentration. Methylocaldum (8.2%), Methylosinus (2.3%), Methylomonas (0.02%), Methylacidiphilales (0.45%), Nitrospirales (0.18%), and Methanosarcinales (0.3%) were detected. Despite denitrifying conditions provided, Nitrospirales and Methanosarcinales, known to perform anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (DAMO) process, were in very low abundance. Results demonstrated that aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs coexisted in the reactor together with heterotrophic microorganisms, suggesting that a diverse microbial community was important to sustain methanotrophic activity. The methanogenic sludge was a good inoculum to enrich methanotrophs, and cultivation conditions play a selective role in determining community composition. 相似文献
84.
Elisângela Corradini Syed H. Imam José A. M. Agnelli Luiz H. C. Mattoso 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(1):1-9
Coconut, sisal and jute fibers were added as reinforcement materials in a biodegradable polymer matrix comprised of starch/gluten/glycerol.
The content of fibers used in the composites varied from 5% to 30% by weight of the total polymers (starch and gluten). Materials
were processed in a Haake torque rheometer (120 °C, 50 rpm) for 6 min. The mixtures obtained were molded by heat compression
and further characterized. Addition of lignocellulosic fibers in the matrix decreased the water absorption at equilibrium.
The diffusion coefficient decreased sharply around 5% fiber concentration, and further fiber additions caused only small variations.
The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed improved thermal stability of matrix upon addition of fibers. The Young’s modulus
and ultimate tensile strength increased with fiber content in the matrix. The storage modulus increased with increasing fiber
content, whereas tanδ curves decreased, confirming the reinforcing effect of the fibers. Morphology of the composites analyzed
under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) exhibited good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the added fibers.
Matrix degraded rapidly in compost, and addition of increased amounts of coconut fiber in the matrix caused a slowdown the
biodegradability of the matrix.
Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard
of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be
suitable. 相似文献
85.
Maria Luiza Duarte Pinto Godoy José Marcus Godoy Luiz Alfredo Roldão Luiz Tauhata 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2 mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8 fg for 239Pu and 1 ng 238U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, 240Pu/239Pu, 241Pu/239Pu, 234U/238U and 235U/238U atomic ratio results. 相似文献
86.
Fernandes HM Gomiero LA Peres V Franklin MR Simões Filho FF 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):914-925
This paper discusses the environmental waste management of the Heap-Leach Uranium Production Facility of Caetité located in a semi-arid region in Brazil. A comparison is made with the first uranium production site of the country located in Poços de Caldas. It is demonstrated that differences in the operational process along with different environmental conditions can lead to different impacts. In the present case groundwater is the potential most sensitive environmental medium despite the well-established consensus in the literature that radon and aerosol emissions may turn-out to be the most relevant environmental aspects of an installation located at this type of region. Most of the 226Ra content in the ore remains in the leached ore that is deposited with the waste rock. A lack in appropriate prediction of the hydrological balance has been causing unanticipated emissions of liquid effluents into the environment. Chemical treatment of this effluent may be needed. Contamination of groundwater in the short term by the waste ponds is not to be expected but it can be a relevant issue in the long term. As a consequence, careful closure schemes will need to be put in place. Finally, the overall costs with remediation in the Caetité production center are lower than those observed at the Poços de Caldas mining site. 相似文献
87.
88.
Genetic variation and environmental heterogeneity fundamentally shape the interactions between plants of the same species. According to the resource partitioning hypothesis, competition between neighbors intensifies as their similarity increases. Such competition may change in response to increasing supplies of limiting resources. We tested the resource partitioning hypothesis in stands of genetically identical (clone-origin) and genetically diverse (seed-origin) Eucalyptus trees with different water and nutrient supplies, using individual-based tree growth models. We found that genetic variation greatly reduced competitive interactions between neighboring trees, supporting the resource partitioning hypothesis. The importance of genetic variation for Eucalyptus growth patterns depended strongly on local stand structure and focal tree size. This suggests that spatial and temporal variation in the strength of species interactions leads to reversals in the growth rank of seed-origin and clone-origin trees. This study is one of the first to experimentally test the resource partitioning hypothesis for intergenotypic vs. intragenotypic interactions in trees. We provide evidence that variation at the level of genes, and not just species, is functionally important for driving individual and community-level processes in forested ecosystems. 相似文献
89.
Schroeder Bruna Grosch Zanoni Patrícia Raquel Silva Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves Hansel Fabricio Augusto Tavares Lorena Benathar Ballod 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):463-472
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Finding innovative solutions to manage waste and to expand the production of biofuels are some of the current challenges. Pulp and paper sectors,... 相似文献
90.
Silva Neicí Cáceres Poetini Márcia Rósula Bianchini Matheus Chimelo Almeida Francielli Polet Dahle Mustafá Munir Mustafa Araujo Stífani Machado Bortolotto Vandreza Cardoso Musachio Elize Aparecida Santos Ramborger Bruna Piaia Novo Diogo La Rosa Roehrs Rafael Mesko Marcia Foster Prigol Marina Puntel Robson Luiz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17519-17531
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that, in excess, seems to be involved in the development of different neurodegenerative conditions.... 相似文献