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91.
Ariane Guimarães Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues Guilherme Malafaia 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(11):592
The exploitation and degradation of natural environments exert intense pressure on important ecosystems worldwide. Thus, it is necessary developing or adapting assessment methods to monitor environmental changes and to generate results to be applied to environmental management programs. The Brazilian Veredas (phytophysiognomies typical to the Cerrado biome) are threatened by several human activities; thus, the aim of the present study is to adapt a rapid assessment protocol (RAP) to be applied to Veredas springs, by using the upper course of the Vai-e-Vem stream watershed (Ipameri County, Goiás State, Brazil). Therefore, several springs in the study site were visited and 11 of them were considered Veredas springs. After the RAP was adapted, the instrument was validated and used to environmentally assess the springs in order to demonstrate its applicability. The present study has provided an instrument of option to monitor Veredas springs. 相似文献
92.
Aline A. Becaro Maria Célia Siqueira Fernanda C. Puti Marcia Regina de Moura Daniel S. Correa José Manoel Marconcini Luiz H. C. Mattoso Marcos David Ferreira 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(7):352
Several mutagenic agents may be present in substances released in the environment, which may cause serious environmental impacts. Among these substances, there is a special concern regarding the widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in several products due to their widely known bactericidal properties, including in the medical field and the food industry (e.g., active packaging). The assessment of the effects of AgNP released in the environment, having different concentrations, sizes, and being associated or not to other types of materials, including polymers, is therefore essential. In this research, the objective was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of AgNP (size range between 2 and 8 nm) on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa (A. cepa). Tests were carried out in the presence of colloidal solution of AgNP and AgNP mixed with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), using distinct concentrations of AgNP. As a result, when compared to control samples, AgNP induced a mitotic index decrease and an increase of chromosomal aberration number for two studied concentrations. When AgNP was in the presence of CMC, no cytotoxic potential was verified, but only the genotoxic potential for AgNP dispersion having concentration of 12.4 ppm. 相似文献
93.
94.
Medeiros Vinci R Jacxsens L Van Loco J Matsiko E Lachat C de Schaetzen T Canfyn M Van Overmeire I Kolsteren P De Meulenaer B 《Chemosphere》2012,88(8):1001-1007
Benzene is a volatile organic compound known to be carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and may be present in food. In the present study, 455 food samples from the Belgian market were analyzed for benzene contents and some possible sources of its occurrence in the foodstuffs were evaluated. Benzene was found above the level of detection in 58% of analyzed samples with the highest contents found in processed foods such as smoked and canned fish, and foods which contained these as ingredients (up to 76.21 μg kg−1). Unprocessed foods such as raw meat, fish, and eggs contained much lower concentrations of benzene. Using the benzene concentrations in food, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment of benzene intake was conducted on a national representative sample of the Belgian population over 15 years of age. The mean benzene intake for all foods was 0.020 μg kg bw d−1 according to a probabilistic analysis. These values are below the minimum risk level for oral chronic exposure to benzene (0.5 μg kg bw d−1). 相似文献
95.
Sergiane Souza Caldas Cátia Marian Bolzan Juliana Rocha Guilherme Maria Angelis Kisner Silveira Ana Laura Venquiaruti Escarrone Ednei Gilberto Primel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5855-5863
Water is fundamental to the existence of life since it is essential to a series of activities, such as agriculture, power generation, and public and industrial supplies. The residual water generated by these activities is released into the environment, reaches the water systems, and becomes a potential risk to nontarget organisms. This paper reports the development and validation of a quantitative method, based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, for the simultaneous analysis of 18 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 33 pesticides in surface and drinking waters. The accuracy of the method was determined by calculating the recoveries, which ranged from 70 to 120 % for most pesticides and PPCPs, whereas limits of quantification ranged from 0.8 to 40 ng/L. After the validation step, the method was applied to drinking and surface waters. Pesticides and PPCPs were found in concentrations lower than 135.5 ng/L. The evaluation of different water sources with regard to contamination by pesticides and PPCPs has been quite poor in southern Brazil. 相似文献
96.
Patrick Valverde Medeiros Francisco Fernando Noronha Marcuzzo Cristián Youlton Edson Wendland 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(2):297-305
Medeiros, Patrick Valverde, Francisco Fernando Noronha Marcuzzo, Cristián Youlton, and Edson Wendland, 2012. Error Autocorrelation and Linear Regression for Temperature‐Based Evapotranspiration Estimates Improvement. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 297‐305. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00614.x Abstract: Estimates of evapotranspiration on a local scale is important information for agricultural and hydrological practices. However, equations to estimate potential evapotranspiration based only on temperature data, which are simple to use, are usually less trustworthy than the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)‐Penman‐Monteith standard method. The present work describes two correction procedures for potential evapotranspiration estimates by temperature, making the results more reliable. Initially, the standard FAO‐Penman‐Monteith method was evaluated with a complete climatologic data set for the period between 2002 and 2006. Then temperature‐based estimates by Camargo and Jensen‐Haise methods have been adjusted by error autocorrelation evaluated in biweekly and monthly periods. In a second adjustment, simple linear regression was applied. The adjusted equations have been validated with climatic data available for the Year 2001. Both proposed methodologies showed good agreement with the standard method indicating that the methodology can be used for local potential evapotranspiration estimates. 相似文献
97.
Estrogens are a class of micro-pollutants found in water at low concentrations (in the ng L−1 range), but often sufficient to exert estrogenic effects due to their high estrogenic potency. Disinfection of waters containing estrogens through oxidative processes has been shown to lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts, which may also be estrogenic. The present work investigates the formation of disinfection byproducts of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) in the treatment of water with ozone. Experiments have been carried out at two different concentrations of the estrogens in ground water (100 ng L−1 and 100 μg L−1) and at varying ozone dosages (0-30 mg L−1). Detection of the estrogens and their disinfection byproducts in the water samples has been performed by means of ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) and a quadrupole-time of flight (QqTOF) instrument. Both E2 and E1 have been found to form two main byproducts, with molecular mass (MM) 288 and 278 in the case of E2, and 286 and 276 in the case of E1, following presumably the same reaction pathways. The E2 byproduct with MM 288 has been identified as 10epsilon-17beta-dihydroxy-1,4-estradieno-3-one (DEO), in agreement with previously published results. The molecular structures and the formation pathways of the other three newly identified byproducts have been suggested. These byproducts have been found to be formed at both high and low concentrations of the estrogens and to be persistent even after application of high ozone dosages. 相似文献
98.
Fernandes HM Gomiero LA Peres V Franklin MR Simões Filho FF 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):914-925
This paper discusses the environmental waste management of the Heap-Leach Uranium Production Facility of Caetité located in a semi-arid region in Brazil. A comparison is made with the first uranium production site of the country located in Poços de Caldas. It is demonstrated that differences in the operational process along with different environmental conditions can lead to different impacts. In the present case groundwater is the potential most sensitive environmental medium despite the well-established consensus in the literature that radon and aerosol emissions may turn-out to be the most relevant environmental aspects of an installation located at this type of region. Most of the 226Ra content in the ore remains in the leached ore that is deposited with the waste rock. A lack in appropriate prediction of the hydrological balance has been causing unanticipated emissions of liquid effluents into the environment. Chemical treatment of this effluent may be needed. Contamination of groundwater in the short term by the waste ponds is not to be expected but it can be a relevant issue in the long term. As a consequence, careful closure schemes will need to be put in place. Finally, the overall costs with remediation in the Caetité production center are lower than those observed at the Poços de Caldas mining site. 相似文献
99.
Carlos André Vaz Junior José Luiz de Medeiros Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(3):462-475
This work presents a time series strategy for detection, location and quantification of leaks in large pipeline systems. The technology has two active components, which operate sequentially: the Detector and the Localizer. The Detector continuously screens real-time data, searching for any anomalies such as leaks, which are detected (or not) depending on their size and position. The Detector is based on auto-regressive multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) ARX predictors with one input filter. Subsequent to successful leak detection, the Localizer is launched to diagnose the leak via estimation of its parameters – diameter and location – using recorded data on a Search Time Window that includes information in the neighborhood of the instant of detection. The Localizer is also an ARX predictor, but with two input processors, the first is a filter for dynamic plant inputs and the second filter processes “parameter signals” of active leaks. The Localizer is developed beforehand via model identification with plant data under the action of known, artificially simulated, leaks. It is, therefore, able to recognize an active pattern of leak parameters, by maximizing the adherence of its predictions to data in the Search Time Window. The proposed detection and location methods were successfully tested in simulated leak scenarios for an industrial naphtha pipeline. 相似文献
100.