沪宁城际铁路高架桥段CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动现场测试与分析

对沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动竖向速度和加速度进行了现场测试,分析了地面振动特征及其传播的衰减规律。结果表明:CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动主频在70Hz以下,属于低频振动;地面振动峰值速度和加速度随着离高架桥距离的增大而减小,20m以内地面振动衰减幅度较大;地面振动峰值随列车时速的提高而增大,车厢数量对地面振动峰值和主频成分的影响不明显;CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动对一般性建筑物影响不大,列车时速为300km左右时,地面振动速度超过办公室等公共建筑的允许值,列车时速为200km左右时,地面振动速度超过居民住宅的允许值;与其他高速铁路的地面振动实测值相比,沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动强度相对较低。     

电动振动系统在振动时效方面的应用

本文论述了振动时效的原理和工艺方法,比较了使用电动振动系统进行的振动时效和自然时效、热时效以及传统的振动时效在消除工件内部产生的残余应力优缺点,指出了使用电动振动系统进行的振动时效在各类典型工件中应用的有效措施。     

TM遥感影像解译数据中线状及细小地物的扣除

随着高分辨率遥感影像的普遍使用和对遥感影像解译数据精度的更高要求,对于TM遥感影像解译数据中一些线状及细小地物如道路、沟渠、田埂、林带、居民点等由于未能解译而混入其它类型中,造成某个类型面积的增加或减少的问题亟待解决。本文利用影像融合技术,根据工作中的实际情况,主要对耕地中的线状和细小地物的扣除方法进行了描述。     

虚拟水战略背景下的中国农业生产空间布局优化研究

鉴于当前我国虚拟水经济影响研究方面尚较少触及的现实,该研究用虚拟水战略的视角,通过构建定量评价指标体系的方法来探究我国当前农业生产布局的优化问题。首先,用人均农村人口主要农畜产品虚拟水含量指标定量表征我国农业生产空间布局现状,发现我国农业生产空间布局存在明显的“北方多、南方少”特点,其中,高值区由展布在北方地区的黑龙江、吉林、宁夏、新疆等10个省区组成;而主低值区则分布在我国东南和西南沿海一带。然后,为探究虚拟水战略背景下我国农业生产的理想布局模式,提出区域农业生产优势度的概念,分析其影响因素,运用定量评价模型计算各省级区域的农业生产优势度。发现区域农业生产优势度整体上呈现北、西、南三面高,中东部低的宏观态势。其中,高优势度区域呈向东开口的喇叭型结构分布于我国的沿边省份,低优势度区域集中连片地分布在我国地理版图中东部的甘肃、宁夏、山西、陕西、河北、河南、北京、天津等省市区。最后,构建农业生产布局调整指数作为我国不同区域农业生产优化调整的依据,将虚拟水战略背景下我国区域农业生产划分为布局合理型、布局过密型和布局过疏型三类,分别给出了其农业生产发展的方向。〖     

水泥厂窑头多管冷却器及袋除尘技术的应用

介绍了水泥厂窑头篦冷机烟气的特性和袋除尘治理工艺、国外技术现状;国内外窑头烟气调质技术应用和国内窑头袋除尘器技术应用。列举典型案例分别对CXS型反吹风高温玻纤袋式除尘器、FGM气箱脉冲高温袋式除尘器、CDMC新型低压长袋脉冲高温袋式除尘器三种袋式除尘器技术的应用进行详细描述。分析认为,多管冷却器和新型低压长袋脉冲高温袋式除尘器组合是最好的应用技术。     

技术减排措施协同控制效应评价研究

随着我国污染减排形势的日益严峻,采用协同控制措施实现多种污染物控制目标逐渐成为一种趋势,而合理评价减排措施的协同效应是正确选择协同控制措施和制定协同控制规划方案的基础.本研究首次从环境-经济-技术角度系统地提出了技术减排措施的协同控制效应评价方法,并以火电行业为案例进行分析.采用协同控制效应坐标系、污染物减排量交叉弹性(Elsa/b)分析和单位污染物减排成本等方法评价技术减排措施对SO2 、NO,和CO2的协同控制效应,三种评价方法相互配合,可以帮助我们从多角度检验不同减排措施的协同效果.对火电行业技术减排措施进行协同控制效应坐标系和污染物减排量交叉弹性分析的结果表明,末端治理措施不具有协同性,而前端控制措施和过程控制措施具有较好的协同性.单位污染物减排成本评价的结果表明,末端治理措施优先度排序靠后,而前端控制措施和过程控制措施排序靠前,且针对不同污染物的排序结果有所不同.在进行协同减排方案设计和规划时,应根据决策需要选择适宜的评价方法,参考评价结果选择最为成本有效的措施.     

多种灾情预测模型的研究──2001年后上海市热带气旋灾情预测

采用３种方法,即灰色模型ＧＭ、自回归－滑动平均模型ＡＲＭＡ和人工神经网络ＡＮＮ预测了上海市２００１年后（含２００１年）强热带气旋出现的趋势与规律。结果表明,２００１,２００６和２０１０年将出现中级以上灾情,而前两个年份灾情较重．通过数值计算结果比较了３种方法的应用特点,为进一步建立综合预测模型打下基础。     

洞庭湖区洪涝危险性综合评价与分析

从分析洞庭湖区洪涝危险性形成机制出发,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,综合评价了洞庭湖区洪涝危险性。评价结果表明：湖区洪涝危险性总体程度较高;危险性程度无明显的地区差异;重点堤烷与蓄洪堤垸危险性程度差异较大;危险性程度呈现出堤垸平均规模越小,危险性程度越高的规律。     

Experiments and modelling of phenanthrene biodegradation in the aqueous phase by a mixed culture

Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） is widespread due to tmsuitable disposal of industrial waste. They are mostly defined as priority pollutants by environmental protection authorities worldwide. Phenanthrene, a typical PAH, was selected as the target in this paper. The PAH-degrading mixed culture, named ZM, was collected from a petroleum contaminated river bed. This culture was injected into phenanthrene solutions at different concentrations to quantify the biodegradation process. Results show near-complete removal of phenanthrene in three days of biodegradation if the initial phenanthrene concentration is low. When the initial concentration is high, the removal rate is increased but 20%-40% of the phenanthrene remains at the end of the experiment. The biomass shows a peak on the third day due to the combined effects of microbial growth and decay. Another peak is evident for cases with a high initial concentration, possibly due to production of an intermediate metabolite. The pH generally decreased during biodegradation because of the production of organic acid. Two phenomenological models were designed to simulate the phenanthrene biodegradation and biomass growth. A relatively simple model that does not consider the intermediate metabolite and its inhibition of phenanthrene biodegradation cannot fit the observed data. A modified Monod model that considered an intermediate metabolite （organic acid） and its inhibiting reversal effect reasonably depicts the experimental results.     

Environmental influence of Wuhan urban agglomeration development and strategies of environmental protection

In Wuhan urban agglomeration （WUA）, the population growth and concentration, the industrial development and urban sprawl have been affecting the environment ftmdamentally. Comparing with Yangtze delta metropolitan region, the level of urbanization and industrialization of WUA has lagged behind for about 10 years; but the problems in environmental protection and rehabilitation are commonly serious. In the future, WUA should avoid unnecessary mistakes and seek a win-win strategy for economy and environment in its large-scale development stage. Based on the analysis of the changing of main environmental pollutants and the coupled curves in past decades, the paper discussed the important links among the urban environmental pollutions, industry growth and urban sprawl in WUA. It is concluded that the integration of economic and environmental policies in urban development is more required and significant at the large urban agglomeration region. Four proactive and long-term strategies need to be adopted to provide prior guidance and better protection for the development of WUA.