10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及消解动态研究

建立了丁醚脲在甘蓝及土壤中残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法,并采用田间试验方法对丁醚脲在甘蓝及土壤中的残留消解动态进行研究,开展了最终残留试验.结果表明,在0.05～5.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,丁醚脲在甘蓝和土壤中的平均添加回收率为82.5%～100.9%,相对标准偏差为4.5%～7.5%.残留消解动态研究表明,丁醚脲在甘蓝和土壤中的降解符合方程式Ct=C0e-kt;10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的半衰期分别为2.87～2.99 d和3.37～3.57 d.最终残留试验研究表明,在施用有效成分约为0.02～0.04 g/m2,施药1～2次,每次施药间隔期为7 d的情况下,北京市试验地内,10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝中的残留量为ND～0.18 mg/kg,土壤中的残留量为0.09～0.37 mg/kg;湖南冷水江市试验地内,10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝中的残留量为ND～0.24 mg/kg;土壤中的残留量为0.11～0.46mg/kg.对照日本的最大残留限量标准,产品符合我国及日本规定的质量安全要求.     

威海海域文昌鱼的重金属含量

通过对威海海域文昌鱼体内Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg含量的测定,结果表明,在文昌鱼体内重金属元素的浓度依次为:Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞Cd＞Pb;跟其他动物相比,文昌鱼体内非生物体必需的金属元素含量较低,而生物体必需的金属元素含量较高.通过对文昌鱼体内重金属元素浓度的统计分析,发现:Cu与Zn之间相关性较强.Hg、Cu、Zn与体长和体重的相关关系都较强.Cu与Zn、Hg与体长、Hg与体重、Cd与体长和Cd与体重成正线性相关关系,其余均成负线性相关关系.从多元线性回归情况来看,体长和体重与Hg、Cu、Zn之间存在较强的相关关系.因而,综合来看,文昌鱼的体长和体重与体内重金属含量关系很大,可以较好地反映体内Hg、Cu、Zn的含量情况.     

气相色谱法测定工业废水中联苯与菲

文章研究了一种新的测定废水中联苯及菲含量的方法,该方法采用气相色谱薄涂柱,对联苯与菲进行了有效的分离与测定。该方法具有固定液用量少,柱温低,分离效果好,分析速度快等特点,利用该对废水样进行了测定,取得了满意的结果。     

碳管吸收气相色谱法测定大气中的非甲烷烃

文章研究了用碳管吸收大气中的非甲烷烃,经热解吸后,用气相色谱氢火 离子检测器进行测定的方法。本文色谱柱为玻璃微球填充柱。与其它方法比较,本法简便、快速,重现性好。     

崂山风景区旅游环境容量研究

通过对历年游客流量调查，分析了崂山风景区客流时间和空间分布特征。计算了景区9条步道游线，3条索道和7个人文景观区的日容量、月容量和年容量，并分析了景区旅游环境容量的利用强度，发现2004年景区各条步道游线、各条索道和各个人文景观区的日、月、年容量利用强度均为适载，但第一、第二和第三高峰日已严重超载。最后，制定了游客流量宏观调控对策及微观调控措施。     

Temperature dependence of the absolute rate constant for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were measured in a 200-L Teflon chamber over the temperature range of 283-353 K. Measurements were carried out using DMS in large excess over ozone of 10 to 1 or greater. Over the indicated temperature range,the data could be fit to the simple Arrhenius expression as KDMS = (9.96±3.61)×10-11exp(-(7309.7±1098.2)/T)cm3/(molecule·s). A compared investigation of the reaction between ozone and ethene had a kc2H4 value of(1.35±0.11)×10-18 cm3/(molecule·s) at room temperature.     

Effect of ZnCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> impregnation ratio on pore structure of activated carbons prepared from cattle manure compost: application of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption-desorption isotherms

Activated carbons were prepared from cattle manure compost (CMC) by ZnCl₂ activation with various ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratios. Based on the N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, mathematical models including the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation, the α_s plot, and the Horvath-Kawazoe method were used to analyze the pore structural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons. It was found that for carbons possessing both micro-and mesopores, the DR method provided a more accurate estimation than the α_s method for the extent of microporosity. The effect of the ZnCl₂ impregnation ratio on the pore structure was discussed using the DR method. The results revealed that pore evolution involved three distinct regions with increases in the amount of impregnated ZnCl₂: raising the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.00 to 0.50 resulted in a 19-fold increase in micropore volume (V_me ^D) but caused no change in the mesopore volume (V_me ^D); increasing the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.50 to 1.00 led to an increment in V_mi ^D of about 50% and in V_me ^D of 170%; while raising the ratio from 1.50 to 2.50 caused a slight decrease in V_mi ^D but a 200% increment in the value of V_me ^D.     

金佛山悬钩子属药用植物资源调查研究

通过采集标本进行分类鉴定以及查证文献,对重庆市金佛山悬钩子属药用植物资源状况进行了系统的调查。结果表明,金佛山分布有悬钩子属植物46种11变种,其中57种（变种）可入药,资源蕴藏量大,具有较大的开发利用潜力。重点对该区宜开发的常见种和广布种进行了介绍。     

论旅游地的环境解说

环境教育是全民的、终身的教育,环境解说是环境教育的重要方式。环境解说一方面有利于保护旅游地的生态环境,另一方面也是国民环境教育网络体系中的重要节点。本文在简要介绍了海外环境解说的理论发展后,总结了美国和我国台湾省国家公园环境解说方面的成功经验,对我国旅游地环境解说系统建设提出了建议。     

Effects of cadmium on glutathione synthesis in hepatopancreas of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most deleterious heavy metals in aquatic systems that could promote oxidative damage. To explore the effects of Cd exposure of a freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) on hepatopancreatic glutathione (GSH) synthesis, crabs were exposed to the reagent with a dose range of 7.25-116.00 mg L(-1) for 48 h. The concentrations of GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), NADPH and NADP(+), as well as the activities of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis, i.e. glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) were determined. Progressive depletion of cellular GSH content was observed with the increasing of Cd concentrations, while the level of GSSG remained constant. In response to Cd exposure, crabs showed significant induction of G6PD and NADPH, however, only up to moderate exposures. GR activity remained at a steady level at all exposure concentrations. The activity of gamma-GCS was significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration. These results suggested that GSH synthesis could be activated against reactive oxygen species induced by lower Cd exposure; under the higher Cd exposure conditions, an inhibition of NADPH-dependant redox cycling and de novo GSH synthesis led to significant decrease in GSH content.