基于模糊Petri网的交通事故致因建模分析

针对目前我国道路交通事故多发的现状,以模糊Petri网为工具,以对道路交通安全有重大影响的关键因素为基础,模拟给出其因果关系,建立了基于模糊Petri网的道路交通事故致因分析模型,设计最长路径算法分析模型中某个致因要素导致交通事故发生的可信度。最长路径上的致因要素即为最易引起交通事故的主要因素。案例分析表明,这个模型能够体现各因素之间的逻辑关系,达到了通过数量指标分析道路交通事故主要原因的目的。     

敞开气氛中硝酸铵热分解过程危险特性的实验研究

利用差热分析仪分析和研究了敞开气氛中硝酸铵的热分解过程,通过在硝酸铵样品中加入酸性物质、KCl、有机物等各种杂质,研究硝酸铵热分解过程的影响因素。结果表明,在敞开气氛中,酸性物质和KCl对硝酸铵热分解过程具有催化作用,有机物会降低硝酸铵的热稳定性,研究结论可以为解决硝酸铵的生产、储存和运输过程中的安全问题提供重要参考。     

Enhanced biohydrogen generation from organic wastewater containing NH 4+ by phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides AR-3

NH₄⁺ is typically an inhibitor to hydrogen production from organic wastewater by photo-bacteria. In this experiment, biohydrogen generation with wild-type anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroideswas found to be sensitive to NH₄⁺ due to the significant inhibition of NH₄⁺ to its nitrogenase. In order to avoid the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to biohydrogen generation by R. sphaeroides, a glutamine auxotrophic mutant R. sphaeroides AR-3 was obtained by mutagenizing with ethyl methane sulfonate. The AR-3 mutant could generate biohydrogen efficiently in the hydrogen production medium with a higher NH₄⁺ concentration, because the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to nitrogenase of AR-3 was released. Under suitable conditions, AR-3 effectively produced biohydrogen from tofu wastewater, which normally contains 50–60 mg/L NH₄⁺, with an average generation rate of 14.2 mL/L·h. This generation rate was increased by more than 100% compared with that from wild-type R. sphaeroides.     

重金属Pb在煤矸石-土壤-菠菜体系中的迁移规律

采用盆栽法,以菠菜作为受试作物,通过对其不同生长时期矸石-土壤各层中重金属含量的测定,研究煤矸石中Pb在2系统中的迁移规律,并利用SPSS软件进行土壤深度对土壤中Pb含量的显著性分析.结果表明,Pb在2个系统中的迁移分布有差异,这种差异主要表现在时间和空间上；经显著性分析后土壤深度对土壤中Pb含量有极显著性影响(P＜0.01),且在菠菜生长的幼苗期和开花期,土壤各层中的Pb含量随土壤深度的变化呈显著性直线相关关系.对菠菜植株中Pb含量进行污染评价后发现,充填覆土后矸石中的Pb易在植株中积累.     

Environmental accounting for waste management: A study of local governments in Australia

Local governments in Australia, especially in large urban areas, have faced a challenge of the growing quantity of waste generated and the diminishing space for waste disposal in recent years. The central government has demonstrated the importance of developing strategies to make full environmental costs and impacts of waste disposal and material recovery accountable for waste management decision-making. However, research into this field is limited. This paper investigates environmental accounting practices in local government waste management. From a survey conducted with local government authorities in New South Wales (NSW) Australia, it is found that overall the level of direct waste flow and activity accounting is higher than the level of hidden and external environmental cost accounting, though local governments tend to identify and use more physical information associated with waste flows and activities than relevant monetary information. External environmental impacts of waste disposal are often overlooked and show the lowest level of practices. The survey results also indicate that urban local governments have taken more environmental information into account than rural local governments, but such difference is not significant between local governments of different sizes. The complexity of waste technical services and operations is confirmed to have a positive and significant effect on the level of environmental accounting for waste management across local governments surveyed.     

应对气候变化问题的法律调整机制

气候变化的不确定性决定对于其带来的不良环境影响也不能做出确切的预测。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》及《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》的缔结和生效为各国一致行动提供了国际法上的依据。应当加强气候变化的科学研究，制定实施有效的政策法律措施，同时施加我国的大国影响，推动气候变化问题的国际解决进程。     

安全煤岩柱性能研究及综合评价

在对里彦煤矿采矿地质条件分析的基础上,对安全煤岩柱的化学成分及其阻水性能、岩性及力学特征进行了研究.针对里彦煤矿的具体情况,分析了里彦安全煤岩柱的阻水性能,认为其阻水性能良好,可以适当减小防水防砂煤岩柱宽度,以提高开采上限,释放部分煤炭储量.     

石英负载TiO2光催化材料的制备及降解性能研究

选用石英作为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2制备石英负载TiO2光催化材料.光电子能谱分析结果表明：石英表面成功负载了TiO2.石英负载TiO2光催化材料对偶氮染料废水处理4h后,脱色率达到了96.28%.