海洋产业结构变动对海洋经济增长的贡献研究——以辽宁省为例

海洋产业结构变动是影响海洋经济增长的重要因素。以辽宁省为例,运用多部门经济模型和基于统计角度的GDP产业结构贡献度测算方法,分析了1997—2007年海洋产业结构变动对海洋经济增长的贡献,并进行了偏离—份额分析,揭示了海洋产业结构变动对海洋经济增长的影响,提出了对策,为优化海洋产业结构提供科学依据。     

大气气溶胶酸度的研究进展

大气气溶胶的环境效应、气候效应和健康效应均与气溶胶的物理化学性质直接相关,其中大气气溶胶酸度是其重要的性质之一。大气气溶胶酸度对酸沉降、灰霾的形成具有重要作用,并影响大气非均相化学反应,相关研究已成为国际研究的热点。对国内外学者近年来在大气气溶胶酸度对大气环境与人体健康的影响、大气气溶胶酸度的影响因素与变化规律、大气气溶胶酸度/酸化缓冲能力的测定与计算方法、大气气溶胶酸性成分采集系统等方面的研究进展作了较系统的综述,并对大气气溶胶酸度研究未来的发展进行了展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备复合光催化剂（MWNTs/TiO_2）工艺条件的研究

以多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）为载体,在煅烧温度200~900℃、煅烧时间1~7 h、溶胶体系pH值为2~10的工艺条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合光催化剂（MWNTs/TiO2）。通过其对甲基橙的光催化降解效果对比,评价各种复合光催化剂催化活性之间的差异,结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,复合光催化剂中纳米TiO2的晶型由锐钛型逐渐向金红石型转变,500℃时为2种晶型的混合相;pH值为2的强酸性条件有利于形成金红石晶型,pH值为5的中性及弱酸性条件则有利于形成锐钛型,而pH值为3时为2种晶型的混合相;在煅烧温度500℃、煅烧时间3 h、溶胶凝胶体系pH值为3的最佳制备工艺条件下,复合光催化剂催化活性最高,借助扫描电镜发现其TiO2均匀地包覆在多壁碳纳米管管壁上。     

长公路隧道交通安全研究

由于在长公路隧道中行驶时车道相对封闭、光线时强时弱、行车自由度偏小、空气不易流通等,在隧道内易发生交通事故,而且交通事故发生后易引起火灾,产生的浓烟较难疏散,事故后果及事故救援方法都与其他的交通事故不同。随着隧道交通事故数量不断增加,隧道已经成为交通事故的主要空间分布点和事故黑点。采用事故致因理论,详细分析了造成交通事故的各种原因,找出了引发事故的根源,然后提出了一系列隧道交通安全措施。最后构建了公路隧道交通事故应急系统,可最大程度减少交通事故损失。     

金佛山悬钩子属药用植物资源调查研究

通过采集标本进行分类鉴定以及查证文献,对重庆市金佛山悬钩子属药用植物资源状况进行了系统的调查。结果表明,金佛山分布有悬钩子属植物46种11变种,其中57种（变种）可入药,资源蕴藏量大,具有较大的开发利用潜力。重点对该区宜开发的常见种和广布种进行了介绍。     

论旅游地的环境解说

环境教育是全民的、终身的教育,环境解说是环境教育的重要方式。环境解说一方面有利于保护旅游地的生态环境,另一方面也是国民环境教育网络体系中的重要节点。本文在简要介绍了海外环境解说的理论发展后,总结了美国和我国台湾省国家公园环境解说方面的成功经验,对我国旅游地环境解说系统建设提出了建议。     

Effects of cadmium on glutathione synthesis in hepatopancreas of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most deleterious heavy metals in aquatic systems that could promote oxidative damage. To explore the effects of Cd exposure of a freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) on hepatopancreatic glutathione (GSH) synthesis, crabs were exposed to the reagent with a dose range of 7.25-116.00 mg L(-1) for 48 h. The concentrations of GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), NADPH and NADP(+), as well as the activities of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis, i.e. glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) were determined. Progressive depletion of cellular GSH content was observed with the increasing of Cd concentrations, while the level of GSSG remained constant. In response to Cd exposure, crabs showed significant induction of G6PD and NADPH, however, only up to moderate exposures. GR activity remained at a steady level at all exposure concentrations. The activity of gamma-GCS was significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration. These results suggested that GSH synthesis could be activated against reactive oxygen species induced by lower Cd exposure; under the higher Cd exposure conditions, an inhibition of NADPH-dependant redox cycling and de novo GSH synthesis led to significant decrease in GSH content.     

河南省城市生态安全评价及生态安全模式分析

应用综合指数法对河南省18个省辖市的生态安全进行评价,并分析其生态安全模式.根据压力椬刺瑮响应概念模型,从系统压力、系统状态、系统响应3个方面构建4个层次的评价指标体系.结果表明,各城市生态安全指数值为0.351 8～0.494 3,其安全等级处于较差与一般之间;各城市生态安全呈6种模式;中原城市群的生态安全状况在省际范围内具有相对优势.本评价系统可为城际规划布局与管理提供依据.     

热解技术处理废弃电路板的研究进展

介绍了回收废弃电路板的热分离方法,综述了热解技术在废弃电路板处理中的研究现状及其所具有的优势。阐述了废弃电路板热解产物的资源价值及热解油的分离与提纯的研究现状,讨论了热解技术处理废弃电路板过程中消除剧毒有机溴化合物及HBr回收的研究进展,同时简介了真空热解技术的研究概况,并指出真空热解技术是今后处理废弃电路板的研究方向之一,有广阔的应用前景。     

Effect of ZnCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> impregnation ratio on pore structure of activated carbons prepared from cattle manure compost: application of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption-desorption isotherms

Activated carbons were prepared from cattle manure compost (CMC) by ZnCl₂ activation with various ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratios. Based on the N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, mathematical models including the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation, the α_s plot, and the Horvath-Kawazoe method were used to analyze the pore structural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons. It was found that for carbons possessing both micro-and mesopores, the DR method provided a more accurate estimation than the α_s method for the extent of microporosity. The effect of the ZnCl₂ impregnation ratio on the pore structure was discussed using the DR method. The results revealed that pore evolution involved three distinct regions with increases in the amount of impregnated ZnCl₂: raising the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.00 to 0.50 resulted in a 19-fold increase in micropore volume (V_me ^D) but caused no change in the mesopore volume (V_me ^D); increasing the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.50 to 1.00 led to an increment in V_mi ^D of about 50% and in V_me ^D of 170%; while raising the ratio from 1.50 to 2.50 caused a slight decrease in V_mi ^D but a 200% increment in the value of V_me ^D.