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华北平原玉米-小麦轮作农田N2O交换通量的研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
以华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田为研究对象,运用静态箱法对正常施肥及正常施肥结合秸秆还田农田N2O交换通量进行了连续1 a对比研究.正常施肥及正常施肥结合秸秆还田样地N2O全年的累积排放量分别为7.61 kg.hm-2和12.6kg.hm-2,其中秸秆还田引起N2O排放明显增加主要发生在玉米生长季节.两种处理样地在玉米季N2O的排放量占全年累积排放的57%~86%,表明华北玉米-小麦轮作体系中N2O排放主要集中在玉米季.各次施肥后10 d内N2O的累积排放量约占全年总排放量的71%~88%,显然现有化肥极大促进了华北农田N2O排放. 相似文献
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以羊角月牙藻(FACHB-271 Selenastrum capricornutum)作为测试生物,分别采用EC50(半数抑制浓度)、TUa(急性毒性单位)和LID(最低无效应稀释度)指标对某制药厂污水处理站4个工艺节点和总出水排放口的水样进行急性毒性效应评价. 结果表明:地下调节池(工艺节点①)水样EC50为15.12%±3.82%,TUa为6.6,LID为16,为极毒/中毒废水;地上调节池(工艺节点②)水样EC50为15.81%±1.04%,TUa为6.3,LID为16,为极毒/中毒废水;中间沉淀池(工艺节点③)水样EC50为62.12%±3.83%,TUa为1.6,LID为8,为中毒/低毒废水;二级沉淀池(工艺节点④)水样EC50为89.10%±1.43%,TUa为1.1,LID为4,为低毒废水;总出水排放口水样EC50>100%,TUa<1,LID为1,为无毒或微毒废水. 经过各污水处理工艺节点后,制药废水对羊角月牙藻的急性毒性逐级减弱,并且毒性指标与ρ(CODCr)具有较好的线性关系. 研究还发现,采用毒性指标LID表征该制药废水的生物毒性,对废水样品的毒性分辨能力更强. 相似文献
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Yuguang Zhang Jing Cong Hui Lu Guangliang Li Yuanyuan Qu Xiujiang Su Jizhong Zhou Diqiang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1717-1724
Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure. 相似文献
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Jingyu Su Guanping Jin Changyong Li Xiaohui Zhu Yan Dou Yong Li Xin Wang Kunwei Wang Qianqian Gu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(11):2355-2361
Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon (MFT/AG). PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite (Ni/AC) in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol. 相似文献