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501.
This paper presents and discusses the results of (239+240)Pu determinations in different components of Gdańsk bay and Gdańsk basin ecosystem, as well as estimated sources and inventories of plutonium in these basins. The total plutonium (239+240)Pu activities deposited in Gdańsk bay and Gdańsk basin sediments are 1.18 TBq and 3.77 TBq, respectively. Two rivers, the Vistula and Neman rivers, and atmospheric fallout were distinguished as the main sources of plutonium in these basins. In seawater (with suspended matter included) there is about 2.33 GBq (239+240)Pu (0.2% of total activity) in Gdańsk bay and 9.92 GBq (239+240)Pu (0.3% of total activity) in Gdańsk basin. In both cases, 56% of (239+240)Pu is associated with suspended matter. Organisms contain 3.81 MBq in Gdańsk bay and 7.45 MBq (239+240)Pu in Gdańsk basin. From this value in Gdańsk bay 82.1% of plutonium is associated with zoobenthos, 13.6% with phytobenthos, 1.6% with phytoplankton, 1.5% with zooplankton and 1.2% with fish. In Gdańsk basin, 83.2% is associated with zoobenthos, 7.5% with phytobenthos, 3.6% with phytoplankton, 3.2% with zooplankton and 2.5% with fish. 相似文献
502.
The toxicity of mononitrophenols and dinitrophenols (DNP) to luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox test) and ciliated protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum (Spirotox test) was evaluated. Spirotox was more sensitive to the tested nitrophenols (NPs) than the Microtox test. 2,5-DNP was the most toxic and 2-NP was the least toxic to the both bioindicators. The toxicity depended greatly on the pH of the medium. The highest changes were observed for DNPs, where the toxicity decreased more than 20-times when the pH increased from 6 to 8. No significant decrease of the toxicity was found for NPs, when the pH increased from 6 to 7. Greater increase of the pH to 8 caused from 1.5 to 4-fold decrease of the toxicity. 相似文献
503.
504.
Nicola Lugeri Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz Elisabetta Genovese Stefan Hochrainer Maciej Radziejewski 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(7):621-639
Flood disasters have had a devastating effect worldwide over the past century, both in terms of human suffering and material
losses. The study of these events and development of more effective adaptation and mitigation policies has become a priority,
both in Europe and other parts of the globe. This paper detects and presents the spatial distribution of river flood risks
in Europe. The methodology we developed involves an assessment of three key risk components: exposure, vulnerability and hazard.
A topography-based flood hazard map of Europe, identifying low-lying areas adjacent to rivers, is presented and used to identify
risk, together with land-use data and damage-stage relationship for different land uses. The study covers river flood risk
for the entire European continent. This methodology can be used to determine the level of future risk, using the estimations
on Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability from specific climate and economic development models. Annual average flood damage is
estimated for European regions, in absolute monetary terms and in % of regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The results
highlight regions where the threat to the economy from river flood hazard is of major concern. 相似文献
505.
The complexity of nectar: secretion and resorption dynamically regulate nectar features 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, we review the phenomenon of nectar resorption, focusing on its physiological and ecological meaning. Nectar
resorption is a phenomenon that has long been known but was rarely reported until the1990s. It has more recently been demonstrated
in several species by various direct and indirect methodologies. It has generally been demonstrated in senescent flowers as
a phenomenon separate in time from, and independent of, nectar secretion. The significance of this type of resorption is generally
recognized as a resource-recovery strategy, recycling at least some materials invested in nectar production. Nevertheless,
nectar resorption can occur concomitantly with nectar secretion. Nectar production is therefore best considered as a unified
process comprising nectar secretion and resorption. The modulation of these two opposite phases allows nectar concentration
to be maintained in a range suitable for pollinators (nectar homeostasis). The mechanism of nectar resorption at the cell
level has received little attention, and its molecular basis can only be hypothesized on the basis of recent studies concerning
sugar sensing. 相似文献
506.
Shawan Chowdhury Kristofer Gonzalez M. Çisel Kemahlı Aytekin Seung-Yun Baek Michał Bełcik Sandro Bertolino Sjoerd Duijns Yuqing Han Kerstin Jantke Ryosuke Katayose Mu-Ming Lin Elham Nourani Danielle Leal Ramos Marie-Morgane Rouyer William Sidemo-Holm Svetlana Vozykova Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez Tatsuya Amano 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13883
English is widely recognized as the language of science, and English-language publications (ELPs) are rapidly increasing. It is often assumed that the number of non-ELPs is decreasing. This assumption contributes to the underuse of non-ELPs in conservation science, practice, and policy, especially at the international level. However, the number of conservation articles published in different languages is poorly documented. Using local and international search systems, we searched for scientific articles on biodiversity conservation published from 1980 to 2018 in English and 15 non-English languages. We compared the growth rate in publications across languages. In 12 of the 15 non-English languages, published conservation articles significantly increased every year over the past 39 years, at a rate similar to English-language articles. The other three languages showed contrasting results, depending on the search system. Since the 1990s, conservation science articles in most languages increased exponentially. The variation in the number of non-English-language articles identified among the search systems differed markedly (e.g., for simplified Chinese, 11,148 articles returned with local search system and 803 with Scopus). Google Scholar and local literature search systems returned the most articles for 11 and 4 non-English languages, respectively. However, the proportion of peer-reviewed conservation articles published in non-English languages was highest in Scopus, followed by Web of Science and local search systems, and lowest in Google Scholar. About 20% of the sampled non-English-language articles provided no title or abstract in English; thus, in theory, they were undiscoverable with English keywords. Possible reasons for this include language barriers and the need to disseminate research in countries where English is not widely spoken. Given the known biases in statistical methods and study characteristics between English- and non-English-language studies, non-English-language articles will continue to play an important role in improving the understanding of biodiversity and its conservation. 相似文献
507.
Mazur Karolina E. Borucka Aleksandra Kaczor Paulina Gądek Szymon Bogucki Rafał Mirzewiński Dariusz Kuciel Stanisław 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(6):2341-2354
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the study, polylactide-based (PLA) composites modified with natural particles (wood, bamboo, and cork) and with different levels of infilling (100%,... 相似文献
508.
Jabłońska-Trypuć Agata Wydro Urszula Wołejko Elżbieta Pietryczuk Anna Cudowski Adam Leszczyński Jacek Rodziewicz Joanna Janczukowicz Wojciech Butarewicz Andrzej 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):3683-3698
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Leachate from landfills is a product of complex biological and physicochemical processes occurring during waste storage. In the present study, the toxicity... 相似文献
509.
William J. Smith Claudio S. Quilodrán Michał T. Jezierski Ashley T. Sendell-Price Sonya M. Clegg 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13867
Domestic animals have immense economic, cultural, and practical value and have played pivotal roles in the development of human civilization. Many domesticates have, among their wild relatives, undomesticated forms representative of their ancestors. Resurgent interest in these ancestral forms has highlighted the unclear genetic status of many, and some are threatened with extinction by hybridization with domestic conspecifics. We considered the contemporary status of these ancestral forms relative to their scientific, practical, and ecological importance; the varied impacts of wild–domestic hybridization; and the challenges and potential resolutions involved in conservation efforts. Identifying and conserving ancestral forms, particularly with respect to disentangling patterns of gene flow from domesticates, is complex because of the lack of available genomic and phenotypic baselines. Comparative behavioral, ecological, and genetic studies of ancestral-type, feral, and domestic animals should be prioritized to establish the contemporary status of the former. Such baseline information will be fundamental in ensuring successful conservation efforts. 相似文献
510.
Przydatek Grzegorz Budzik Grzegorz Janik Małgorzata 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31467-31475
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper discusses interactions between the generation, collection and recovery of used tyres while considering an indicator of their mass... 相似文献