Assessment of heavy metal levels in sediment samples of Kapulukaya Dam Lake (Kirikkale) and lower catchment area

In this study, the concentrations of 13 elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, As, Pb, Cu, Mo, Hg, and Cd) were determined in the sediments of three different sites in the Kapulukaya Dam Lake between May 2007 and November 2008. They ranged from 1.47 to 4.64 for Al, 0.92 to 3.48 for Fe (in percent), 326.60 to 1053.00 for Mn, 98.00 to 1,116.00 for Cr, 24.70 to 127.10 for Ni, 14.80 to 124.20 for Zn, 11.0 to 43.20 for Co, 5.00 to 29.30 for Cu, 9.10 to 69.70 for As, 8.60 to 34.00 for Pb, 2.50 to 5.20 for Mo, 1.00 to 1.60 for Hg, and 0.50 to1.80 for Cd in microgram per gram dry weight sediment. The contamination degree of the sediment was assessed on the basis of enrichment factor and corresponding sediment quality guideline. The calculated enrichment factors (EF, measured metal vs. background concentrations) indicated that the effect of man-made activities on the occurrence of concentrations could be accounted for the majority of heavy metals namely Mn, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Mo, and Cd, whereas such affect was not detected for Hg and Pb. The maximum values of the EF were represented by As, minimum values by Hg at all sites. Mean EF values were 36.60 and 0.70 for As and Hg, respectively. This study has clearly assessed a certain level of heavy metal pollution in the region, based particularly on the findings from sediment.     

基于多级灰关联法的博斯腾湖水生态健康评价

采用生态系统健康结构和功能指标建立了由物理化学指标体系、生态指标体系2个二级指标体系组成的生态系统健康评价指标体系。将多级灰关联理论引入系统综合评价之中,采用多级灰关联评价方法和综合营养状态指数评价方法相结合,对博斯腾湖自2001年以来水生态健康变化情况进行了综合评价与分析。评价结果显示,自2001年以来博斯腾湖的生态系统健康状态总体情况为中等,自2007年以来生态系统健康综合指数呈一定的下降趋势,并找出了导致水环境恶化的主要原因。     

Pattern of benthic biomass size spectra from shallow waters in the East China Seas

Benthic biomass size spectra (BSS) and normalized biomass size spectra were constructed, and benthic secondary production was estimated by a size spectrum equation in the shallow waters in the East China Sea, ranging latitudinally from 40°N to 29°N. The BSS patterns were bimodal, two biomass peaks corresponding to meiofauna and macrofauna, respectively, separated by a trough of low biomass at 8–256 μg individual dry weight which varied in position with median sediment particle size. The BSS also displayed bimodality within meiofauna size ranges, which in most stations was due to the relative proportions of nematodes and other meiofauna taxa. Re-analysis of data from sites in the UK, South Africa, and Antarctic showed a similar bimodality in the adult species body size distribution within the meiofauna size range. Macrofaunal production estimated by the size spectrum equation was very similar to the results of Brey90 empirical equation. However, these production values were much lower than those calculated by Brey01. Different individual dry-to-wet conversion ratios, temperature deviation, and macrofauna taxonomic composition might be responsible for the between-model differences. The macrofaunal P/B ratios calculated by this equation ranged from 0.3 to 3.4 which were in accordance with values from Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Meiofaunal production estimates will need further empirical support.     

原油生产过程中的清洁生产管理

文章叙述了清洁生产的定义与发展,原油生产过程中的清洁生产管理,清洁生产前期工作,采油作业过程中的清洁生产,集输作业过程中的清洁生产,对基层单位原油生产过程中污染物的产生治理进行分析,提出了一些节能减排思路,为基层推行清洁生产管理提供参考。     

河南油田油泥无害化处理实验研究

针对河南油田生产过程中产生的油泥,采用热水洗涤—破乳剂—气浮三相分离处理技术回收油泥中的原油。考察了影响脱除效率的诸因素,得出的最佳处理条件为:处理温度70℃,油泥:水(质量)为1:3;搅拌分散时间10 min;气浮分离时间30 min;气浮强度600 L/(m~2·h);破乳剂加入量300 mg/L;脱油率可达95%。脱除的原油回炼油厂利用,洗脱液可循环使用,脱油后的残渣中石油类残留物质量分数小于5%。     

黄土高原旱塬地冬小麦水分生产潜力与土壤水分动态的模拟研究

在EPIC模型介绍和模拟精度验证的基础上,利用EPIC模型对黄土高原旱塬地冬小麦水分生产潜力和土壤水分动态进行了中期(12a)和长期(30a)评价定量模拟研究。结果表明:(1)在12a实时气象条件下的模拟时段内,旱塬地小麦水分生产潜力随降水量变化呈现波动性降低趋势,3m土层土壤有效含水量也表现为剧烈波动性和逐渐下降趋势,土壤干燥化趋势明显;(2)在30a模拟气象条件下的模拟时段内,旱塬地小麦水分生产潜力呈现波动性轻微降低趋势,3m土层土壤有效含水量季节性和年际间波动性显著,但土壤干燥化趋势并不明显;(3)综合分析认为,在降水量减少幅度不显著的情况下,旱塬地麦田土壤干燥化只是一种短期现象,不会导致长期性土壤强烈干燥化现象发生,但产量随降水量变化的波动性不可避免。     

Performance of a hybrid anaerobic-contact oxidation biofilm baffled reactor for the treatment of decentralized molasses wastewater

A novel hybrid anaerobic-contact oxidation biofilm baffled reactor （HAOBR） was developed to simultaneously remove nitrogenous and carbonaceous organic pollutants from decentralized molasses wastewater in the study. The study was based on the inoculation of anaerobic granule sludge in anaerobic compartments and the installation of combination filler in aerobic compartments. The performance of reactor system was studied regarding the hydraulic retention time （HRT）, microbial characteristics and the gas water ratio （GWR）. When the HRT was 24h and the GWR was 20：1, total ammonia and chemical oxygen demand （COD） of the effluent were reduced by 99% and 91.8%, respectively. The reactor performed stably for treating decentralized molasses wastewater. The good performance of the reactor can be attributed to the high resistance of COD and hydraulic shock loads. In addition, the high solid retention time of contact oxidation biofilm contributed to stable performance of the reactor.     

水库库区生态经济脆弱特性及其优化机制探析

我国有 8万多座水库 ,但因库区生态遭受破坏 ,水土流失严重 ,水库淤积 ,水库的综合功能受到严重削弱 ,甚至丧失。本文应用生态经济学的基本原理 ,分析了库区生态经济的脆弱特性 ,探讨了库区生态经济脆弱带的优化机制     

新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度分析

目的 探讨装修后居室室内空气中甲醛浓度随时间的变化规律。方法 于2004年3-8月选择装修材料不同的2套新装修住宅，采用盐酸副玫瑰苯胺比色法，跟踪分析呼和浩特市2套居民新装修房屋室内空气甲醛含量。结果 铺复合木地板的A房空气中甲醛浓度比铺耐磨砖地板的B房空气中甲醛浓度约高17％；从装修完毕起，至少要经过6个月，室内空气中甲醛浓度才基本降至符合国家标准的水平；在连续监测过程中也发现，若室温升高，室内空气中甲醛浓度也会略有上升。结论 复合木地板释放的甲醛不容忽视；装修后6个月，室内空气中甲醛浓度才能降到容许范围。