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Paula Paíga Kaline Amaral Wanderley Severino Alves Júnior C.M. Delerue-Matos 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(6):687-699
Carbamate compounds are an important group of cholinesterase inhibitors. There is a need for creating awareness regarding the risks of the inadequate carbamate use in the residential areas due to potential adverse human effects. Carbaryl is a commonly used pesticide worldwide. A simple, fast, and high-throughput method was developed employing liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector to determine carbaryl residues in rat feces. The extraction was performed by using a rapid, easy, cheap, effective, reliable, and safe (QuEChERS) method, using acetonitrile as the extracting solvent. The parameters for the performance of the extraction method were optimized, such as ratio of mass of sample per volume of extraction solvent, QuEChERS content, and cleanup columns. Linear response was obtained for all calibration curves (solvent and matrix-matched) over the established concentration range (5–500 μg/L) with a correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. The achieved recovery was 97.9% with relative standard deviation values of 1.1% (n = 4) at 167 μg/kg fortified concentration level and the limits of detection and quantification were 27.7 and 92.3 µg/kg, respectively. 相似文献
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66.
Ricardo Polisaitis Oliveira Suzana Maria Ratusznei José Alberto Domingues Rodrigues Marcelo Zaiat Eugenio Foresti 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2499-2504
A mechanically stirred anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) containing granular biomass was applied to the treatment of a wastewater simulating the effluent from a personal care industry. The ASBR was operated with cycle lengths (tC) of 8, 12 and 24 h and applied volumetric organic loads (AVOL) of 0.75, 0.50 and 0.25 gCOD/L.d, treating 2.0 L liquid medium per cycle. Stirring frequency was 150 rpm and the reactor was kept in an isothermal chamber at 30 °C. Increase in tC resulted in efficiency increase at constant AVOL, reaching 77% at tC of 24 h versus 69% at tC of 8 h. However, efficiency decreased when AVOL decreased as a function of increasing tC, due to the lack of substrate in the reaction medium. Moreover, replacing part of the wastewater by a chemically balanced synthetic one did not yield the expected effect and system efficiency dropped. 相似文献
67.
Marcelo de O. Milfont Epifania Emanuela M. Rocha Afonso Odério N. Lima Breno M. Freitas 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(4):335-341
This is the first report showing that using honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild pollinators complementary pollination can enhance soybean productivity (Glycine max). Current industrial production of soybean involves autopollination and high loads of pesticides. Therefore, growers have neglected possible biotic pollination despite suggestions that soybean benefit from insect pollinators. Reports advocating possible biotic pollination are based on experiments where bees are caged with flowering plants and the absence of pesticides, thus not in field conditions. Therefore, here we compared in field conditions soybean yield produced (1) independently of biotic pollinators, (2) with wild pollinators and (3) with honeybee colonies. Results showed an increase of +6.34 % of soybean yield in areas where wild pollinators had free access to flowers. The introduction of honeybee colonies further raised the yield of +18.09 %. Our findings therefore show that, though soybean is autogamous, allowing pollination by wild pollinators leads to higher yields. Moreover, adding honeybee mitigates pollination deficits and improves yield compared to current practices. 相似文献
68.
Sam M. Jones Jelle S. van Zweden Christoph Grüter Cristiano Menezes Denise A. Alves Patrícia Nunes-Silva Tomer Czaczkes Vera L. Imperatriz-Fonseca Francis L. W. Ratnieks 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(1):1-12
Recent research has shown that entrance guards of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula make less errors in distinguishing nestmates from non-nestmates than all other bee species studied to date, but how they
achieve this is unknown. We performed four experiments to investigate nestmate recognition by entrance guards in T. angustula. We first investigated the effect of colony odours on acceptance. Nestmates that acquired odour from non-nestmate workers
were 63% more likely to be rejected while the acceptance rate of non-nestmates treated with nestmate odour increased by only
7%. We further hypothesised that guards standing on the wax entrance tube might use the tube as an odour referent. However,
our findings showed that there was no difference in the acceptance of non-nestmates by guards standing on their own colony’s
entrance tube versus the non-nestmate’s entrance tube. Moreover, treatment of bees with nestmate and non-nestmate resin or
wax had a negative effect on acceptance rates of up to 65%, regardless of the origin of the wax or resin. The role of resin
as a source of recognition cues was further investigated by unidirectionally transferring resin stores between colonies. Acceptance
rates of nestmates declined by 37% for hives that donated resin, contrasting with resin donor hives where acceptance of non-nestmates
increased by 21%. Overall, our results confirm the accuracy of nestmate recognition in T. angustula and reject the hypothesis that this high level of accuracy is due to the use of the wax entrance tubes as a referent for
colony odour. Our findings also suggest that odours directly acquired from resin serve no primary function as nestmate recognition
cues. The lack of consistency among colonies plus the complex results of the third and fourth experiments highlight the need
for further research on the role of nest materials and cuticular profiles in understanding nestmate recognition in T. angustula. 相似文献
69.
Adriana Melo Jousilene de Sales Tavares Marianny de Assis Costa Renato Santana de Aguiar Gustavo Malinger Fabiana de Oliveira Melo Mariana Balbino da-Silva Bruno Luiz Fonseca Schamber-Reis Gabriela Gama Amilcar Tanuri Leila Chimelli Patricia Oliveira-Szejnfeld Melania M. Ramos de Amorim 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(13):1732-1740
70.
Marcelo Mazzolli 《Environmental management》2010,46(2):237-253
There is a general lack of information on the impact of forest plantations and the presence of urban settlements on populations
of resource-demanding species such as large felids. To partially address this problem, a project study was conducted to find
out whether mosaics of forest plantations and native vegetation can function as an adequate habitat for pumas (Puma concolor) in southern Brazil. The study was conducted within a 1255-km2 area, managed for planted stands of Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. Individual identification of pumas was carried out using a combination of track-matching analysis (discriminant analysis)
and camera-trapping. Both techniques recorded closely similar numbers of individual pumas, either total (9–10 individuals)
or resident (5–6 individuals). A new approach, developed during this study, was used to individualize pumas by their markings
around the muzzle. The estimated density varied from 6.2 to 6.9 individuals/100 km2, ranking among the highest across the entire puma range and indicating a potential total population of up to 87 individuals
in the study site. In spite of the availability of extensive areas without human disturbance, a radio-tracked female used
a core home range that included forest plantations, an urbanized village, and a two-lane paved road with regular vehicular
traffic. The high density of pumas and the species’ intensive use of modified landscapes are interpreted here as deriving
from conditions rarely found near human settlements: mutual tolerance by pumas and humans and an adequate habitat (regardless
of plantations) largely due to the inhibition of invasions and hunting and maintenance of sizable extents of native forest
patches. More widely, it suggests the potential of careful management in forestry operations to provide habitat conditions
for resource-demanding species such as the puma. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of curbing invasions and hunting,
in this case provided by the presence of company employees, for the maintenance of wildlife populations. 相似文献