全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1911篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 129篇 |
废物处理 | 82篇 |
环保管理 | 445篇 |
综合类 | 209篇 |
基础理论 | 491篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 387篇 |
评价与监测 | 124篇 |
社会与环境 | 82篇 |
灾害及防治 | 32篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 131篇 |
2012年 | 86篇 |
2011年 | 155篇 |
2010年 | 100篇 |
2009年 | 90篇 |
2008年 | 119篇 |
2007年 | 125篇 |
2006年 | 122篇 |
2005年 | 73篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 71篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 3篇 |
1926年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1983条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
811.
Mark Pyron 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,37(6):407-412
Neither size nor breeding color correlated with spawning success of male orangethroat darters, Etheostoma spectabile (Pisces, Percidae), under natural field conditions. When females were presented experimentally with a simultaneous choice they spent no more time in proximity to large than small males, and were subsequently no more likely to spawn with large than with small males. Females also displayed no preference for bright versus dull males. Males and females did not differ significantly in size. Etheostoma spectabile may lack sexual size dimorphism as a result of the lack of female choice for size and the ineffectiveness of male attempts to monopolize females, or selection may be for increased size of females. Males are not dwarfs because of sperm competition. Contest competition among males appeared to be important in initiating spawnings but many males obtained spawnings by participating in ongoing spawning events. Etheostoma spectabile is an example of a sexually dimorphic species with no evident female preference for male size or color. 相似文献
812.
An experiment was performed on six species of trees to determine the feasibility of remediating groundwater contaminated with an agricultural herbicide, bentazon, at a site in southern Louisiana. Fate studies on bentazon support that it is translocated to the plant leaves where it is degraded by photolysis to lower-order derivative compounds within short periods of time. Both transpiration observations and dosing tests suggest that the most favorable phreatophyte and tolerant specie of tree to bentazon exposure was the black willow (Salix nigra). 相似文献
813.
The former Nebraska Ordnance Plant site in east-central Nebraska was included on the National Priorities List because of explosives and trichloroethene contamination. The preferred groundwater remedy includes hydraulic containment of the contaminated groundwater and focused extraction of the more highly contaminated groundwater as components of the remedial action. The purpose of hydraulic containment is to stop the spread of contamination, while the more aggressive focused extraction will be used to speed up the remediation and reduce total cleanup costs. This case study illustrates how straightforward groundwater models were combined with uncertainty analysis to select a precise definition of the focused extraction areas. The purpose of the analysis was to reduce ultimate remediation costs, given the significant uncertainty associated with the estimated remediation times. The selected definition provides a basis for more sophisticated groundwater modeling, the goal of which was to locate extraction wells and define their flow rates. The batch flushing model provided the governing equations, and Monte Carlo analysis was used for the uncertainty analysis. All of the analysis was performed on a personal computer using commercially available software. 相似文献
814.
815.
Mark Weinblatt M.D. Boris Petrikovsky Martin Bialer Joseph Kochen Rita Harper 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(9):892-896
A fetus with absent radii in both forearms was discovered on routine ultrasound examination performed at 18 weeks of pregnancy. No other significant abnormalities were found, and no signs of haemorrhage were detected. Serial ultrasound examinations revealed no evidence of fetal internal bleeding. At 37 weeks of pregnancy, a CBC obtained by cordocentesis under ultrasound guidance confirmed the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia absent radii (TAR) syndrome. Apheresis platelets were transfused into the umbilical vein to correct the thrombocytopenia and was followed by an uncomplicated delivery. No bleeding was encountered during the remainder of the baby's neonatal course. We conclude that TAR syndrome can be readily identified prenatally on sonogram, and if severe thrombocytopenia is confirmed by cordocentesis, platelets should be transfused to diminish the risk of serious internal bleeding during and immediately after delivery. 相似文献
816.
Disruptive selection for responsiveness to queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) in the retinue bioassay resulted in the
production of high and low QMP responding strains of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Strains differed significantly in their retinue response to QMP after one generation of selection. By the third generation
the high strain was on average at least nine times more responsive than the low strain. The strains showed seasonal phenotypic
plasticity such that both strains were more responsive to the pheromone in the spring than in the fall. Directional selection
for low seasonal variation indicated that phenotypic plasticity was an additional genetic component to retinue response to
QMP. Selection for high and low retinue responsiveness to QMP was not an artifact of the synthetic blend because both strains
were equally responsive or non-responsive to whole mandibular gland extracts compared with QMP. The use of these strains clearly
pointed to an extra-mandibular source of retinue pheromones (Pankiw et al. 1995; Slessor et al. 1998; Keeling et al. 1999).
Received: 2 March 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 4 September 2000 相似文献
817.
In a series of experiments the toxicity of lead to worms in soil was determined following the draft OECD earthworm reproduction toxicity protocol except that lead was added as solid lead nitrate, carbonate and sulphide rather than as lead nitrate solution as would normally be the case. The compounds were added to the test soil to give lead concentrations of 625-12 500 microg Pb g(-1) of soil. Calculated toxicities of the lead decreased in the order nitrate> carbonate> sulphide, the same order as the decrease in the solubility of the metal compounds used. The 7-day LC50 (lethal concentration when 50% of the population is killed) for the nitrate was 5321+/-275 microg Pb g(-1) of soil and this did not change with time. The LC50 values for carbonate and sulphide could not be determined at the concentration ranges used. The only parameter sensitive enough to distinguish the toxicities of the three compounds was cocoon (egg) production. The EC50s for cocoon production (the concentration to produce a 50% reduction in cocoon production) were 993, 8604 and 10246 pg Pb g(-1) of soil for lead nitrate, carbonate and sulphide, respectively. Standard toxicity tests need to take into account the form in which the contaminant is present in the soil to be of environmental relevance. 相似文献
818.
Lewis W. Oring J. Michael Reed Mark A. Colwell David B. Lank Stephen J. Maxson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,28(6):433-442
Summary We investigated factors affecting annual mating success (MS) and reproductive success (RS) of spotted sandpipers (Actitis macularia) from 13 years of a 17-year study at Little Pelican Island, Leech Lake, Minnesota. Analyses were restricted to ages 1–3. Mean annual female MS varied from 1.3 to 2.7 mates, and the MS pattern was indistinguishable from random. However, female MS increased with age and was affected by arrival date, territory size, and beach size. Female RS also increased with age, and number of mates and year effects were the most significant explanatory variables in each age. Older female RS was increased by priority on a territory and presence of a previous mate. Territory size and beach size varied with population density and did not predictably affect RS. The strong year affect on RS was associated with annual variation in sex ratio and predation. Males produce only one successful clutch per year, so MS greater than one is a result of nest loss and does not increase RS. Neither male MS nor RS changed with age. Male reproductive failure rate varied by year. Given that a male produced young, the degree of RS was affected by year, arrival date, priority on a territory, territory size, and beach size. In years with early-season predation, late arrivals had higher RS; territory and beach size effects varied by year. Neither the presence, nor degree, of female care was associated with male RS. Male RS was more subject to annual environmental variability than was female RS, probably because of relatively low annual potential RS among males.Offprint requests to: L.W. Oring at the current address 相似文献
819.
Status of Piping Plovers in the Great Plains of North America: A Demographic Simulation Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A stochastic population growth model using empirical demographic data confirmed that the Piping Plover population of the Great Plains of North America is declining by more than 7% annually. Unchecked, this decline would result in extirpation in approximately 80 years. When recent adult (0.66) and immature (0.60) survival rates were held constant, a 31% increase—from 0.86 to 1.13 chicks fledged per pair—was needed to stabilize the population. Annual population increases of 1% and 2% required 1.16 and 1.19 chicks per pair, respectively. Such growth would result in the Great Plains population reaching the level—(2550 pairs)—needed for delisting from the U.S. Endangered Species Act protection in 53 and 30 years, respectively. One- and five-year delays in the initiation of 1% population growth caused 13 and 67 year delays respectively in reaching recovery. 相似文献
820.
Nest or roost temperature (T
roost) is thought to impact reproductive fitness in many endotherms but few studies have directly tested the hypothesis that naturally
occurring variability in nest or roost microclimate is large enough to affect reproductive success. We conducted a field experiment
to test whether roost selection by cavity-dwelling, reproductive female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) is more strongly influenced by roost microclimate or a physical characteristic of roosts that facilitates social thermoregulation
(i.e., cavity volume). We quantified spatial variability in T
roost within different-sized, unoccupied cavities and also recorded T
roost in occupied vs unoccupied roost trees. We used equations relating energy use and ambient temperature for big brown bats to
calculate values of daily energy expenditure from T
roost data because energy is a currency that likely affects reproductive fitness. We found no difference between maximum and minimum
T
roost, spatial variability in T
roost, or predicted energy expenditure in more-preferred vs less-preferred roosts. However, there was a significant difference
between T
roost and predicted energy expenditure when we compared occupied vs unoccupied roosts. The presence of bats increased T
roost by as much as 7°C, and there was a significant positive correlation between the number of bats occupying a roost, maximum
daily T
roost, and energy savings. We calculate that, on average, a normothermic individual would save about 6.5 kJ/day (roughly 9% of
the daily energy budget) by roosting in an occupied cavity relative to roosting alone and that savings may increase to 40 kJ/day
(about 53% of the energy budget) for an individual roosting in a group of 45 bats. Our findings suggest that variability in
microclimate among potential roost or nest sites may be less important to some cavity-dwelling endotherms than has been suggested
in previous studies. Our results reinforce the importance of sociality and social thermoregulation to the roosting ecology
of forest-living bats and socially roosting or nesting endotherms in general. 相似文献