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101.
Renata de Lima Anderson do Espirito Santo Pereira Raquel Martins Porto Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):196-202
This work reports on an analysis of the cyto- and genotoxicity of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer nanoparticles, in an
attempt to evaluate their mutagenic effects. Fibroblast (3T3) and human lymphocyte cell cultures were exposed to solutions
containing three different concentrations of nanoparticles (5.4, 54 and 540 μg/mL, polymer mass/volume of solution). The nanoparticles
were characterized in terms of their hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potentials and polydispersity indices. The morphology of
the particles was determined by atomic force microscopy. The PLGA nanospheres presented a size of 95 nm, a zeta potential
of −20 mV and a spherical morphology. Cellular viability assays using fibroblast cells showed no significant alterations compared
with the negative control. A cytogenetic analysis of human lymphocyte cells showed no significant changes in the mitotic index
in relation to the control, indicating that in the concentration range tested, the particles used in the experimental models
did not present cyto- or genotoxicity. For the tests conducted in this work we can conclude that biodegradable and biocompatible
PLGA nanospheres are not toxic in the cell cultures tested (fibroblast and lymphocyte cells) and in the range of concentrations
employed. The results provide new information concerning the toxic effects of particles produced using PLGA. 相似文献
102.
Godoi Marcelo Leitemberger Andrielli Böhs Lucas Martins Correa Silveira Marcia Victoria Rafique Jamal D’Oca Marcelo Gonçalves Montes 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1441-1446
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Herein, we describe a simple and inexpensive protocol for the hydrothiolation of alkynes. In this context, water extract of rice straw ash (WERSA) has been proven... 相似文献
103.
Identification of redundant air quality measurements through the use of principal component analysis
J.C.M. Pires M.C. Pereira M.C.M. Alvim-Ferraz F.G. Martins 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(25):3837-3842
This study aims to show how principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to identify redundant measurements in air quality monitoring networks. The minimum number of air quality monitoring sites in Oporto Metropolitan Area (Oporto-MA) was evaluated using PCA and then compared to the one settled by the legislation. Nine sites, monitoring NO2, O3 and PM10, were selected and the air pollutant concentrations were analysed from January 2003 to December 2005. PCA was applied to the data corresponding to the first two years that were divided into annual quarters to verify the persistence of the PCA results. The number of principal components (PCs) was selected by applying two criteria: Kaiser (PCs with eigenvalues greater than 1) and ODV90 (PCs representing at least 90% of the original data variance). Each pollutant was analysed separately. The two criteria led to different results. Using Kaiser criterion for the eight analysed periods, two PCs were selected in: (i) five periods for O3 and PM10; and (ii) six periods for NO2. These PCs had important contributions of the same groups of monitoring sites. The percentage of the original data variance contained in the selected PCs using this criterion was always below 90%. Thus, the results obtained using ODV90 were considered with more confidence. Using this criterion, only five monitoring sites for NO2, three for O3 and seven for PM10 were needed to characterize the region. The number of monitoring sites for NO2 and O3 was in agreement with what was established by the legislation. However, for PM10, Oporto-MA needed two more monitoring sites. To validate PCA results, statistical models were determined to estimate air pollutant concentrations at removed monitoring sites using the concentrations measured at the remaining monitoring sites. These models were applied to a year's data. The good performance obtained by the models showed that the monitoring sites selected by the procedure presented in this study were enough to infer the air pollutant concentrations in the region defined by the initial monitoring sites. Additionally, the air pollutant analysers corresponding to the redundant measurements can be installed in non-monitored regions, allowing the enlargement of the air quality monitoring network. 相似文献
104.
Martins AF Henriques DM Wilde ML Vasconcelos TG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2006,41(3):245-252
The treatment of an effluent from the production of trifluraline was studied using a 1-L, semi-batch, tank-stirred glass reactor for performing three different advanced oxidation processes (photoperoxidation, Fenton, photo-Fenton). A commercial, medium-pressure mercury lamp was used for sample irradiation. The degradation was monitored by measurements of absorptiometric color reduction, UV-visible absorption spectra, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The obtained results showed that the photo-Fenton process was the most effective treatment for the trifluraline effluent. 相似文献
105.
Aluísio Braz De Melo Arlindo F. Gonçalves Isabel M. Martins 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(12):1252-1264
The management of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is essential in the formation, growth and renovation of urban areas. This paper presents part of a study on CDW generation and management in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). CDW generation was estimated for 2006 and 2007 based on construction activity and waste load movements. The results revealed that in the municipality of Lisbon, remodeling construction activity prevailed, with CDW generation indicators of 954 t/day and a per capita rate of 0.60 t/year. Both values are above the average for the LMA and its two sub-regions (Greater Lisbon and the Setúbal Peninsula). The installed infrastructure for CDW management identified in the LMA is situated within a maximum distance of about 23 km from the geometric center of the city of Lisbon. Despite the fact these locations favor the municipality of Lisbon, the occurrence of illegal dumps is still a reality. A notable effort towards environmental education addressing CDW management is under way so as to make involved citizens aware of the recent CDW legislation, Decree-Law Nr. 46/2008, as well as of the problems arising from scenarios of environmental degradation and uncontrolled use of natural resources in the civil construction sector. Policies are outlined aiming to move towards the more judicious management of CDW. 相似文献
106.
Filipa S. Reis Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira Lillian Barros Celestino Santos-Buelga Anabela Martins 《Chemoecology》2011,21(3):151-159
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis plays a major role in nutrient cycling and the functioning of forest ecosystems. Trees with
well-developed ectomycorrhizas are more resistant to environmental stresses such as drought and to biotic stresses such as
root pathogens. The establishment of ECM symbiosis is triggered by signals produced by both partners. These signals lead to
morphological changes and a complex development of specific structures in both the plant root and the fungus. The development
of the ECM fungi, Paxillus involutus and Pisolithus arhizus, in the presence and the absence of the symbiont—Pinus pinaster—was evaluated as well as their antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds composition in response to the symbiotic association.
ECM fungi grew less in the presence of P. pinaster, with P. arhizus being less affected in growth and thus being more adapted to this association. Protocatechuic acid was found only in P. involutus, while P. pinaster roots, both in association and isolated, proved to have other phenolic acids, such as p-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids. The symbiosis between P. involutus and P. pinaster had no major effects on the symbionts, while the association between P. arhizus and P. pinaster seems to generally decrease the antioxidant effects of both symbionts, despite the increase in p-coumaric and cinnamic acids in the ECM fungi. 相似文献
107.
Martins DF de Fátima Vitória de Moura M Bezerra Loiola MI Di Souza L Barbosa E Silva KM Francismar de Medeiros J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):274-279
Aquatic macrophytes are a very important subject of study due to their capacity to restore polluted aquatic environments as they need high nutrient concentrations to develop. The present study aims to determine their temporal and physiological influence on the amount of total nitrogen, gross protein, P, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb and Cr absorbed by Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) in the River Apodi/Mossoró, RN, Brazil, identifying viable possibilities for the use of cultivated biomass. Results obtained from the parameters analyzed show that these substances are impacted by the temporality and physiology of Eichhornia crassipes. Leaves showed higher crude protein and macronutrients, while the content of micronutrients and toxic elements was higher in roots. It could, therefore, be utilized to improve water quality in the River Apodi/Mossoró. 相似文献
108.
Mariane de Fátima Yukie Maeda Maria de Lourdes Brizot Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli Silvia Maria Ibidi Werther Brunow de Carvalho Mara Sandra Hoshida Clarisse Martins Machado Ester Cerdeira Sabino Lea Campos de Oliveira da Silva Thomas Jaenisch Maria Cássia Jacintho Mendes-Correa Philippe Mayaud Rossana Pulcinelli Vieira Francisco HC-FMUSP-Obstetric COVID Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(8):998-1008
109.
Elisandra C. Martins Vander De F. Melo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(9):609-615
A method for determining atrazine in soil extracts was evaluated by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection. The method is based on the reaction of atrazine with pyridine in an acid medium followed by the reaction with NaOH and sulfanilic acid. Several analytical conditions were previously studied and optimized. Under the best conditions of analysis, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.15 and 0.45 mg L?1, respectively, for a linear response between 0.50 and 2.50 mg L?1, and a sampling throughput of 21 determinations per hour. Using the standard addition method, the maximum relative standard deviation of 17% and recovery values between 80 and 100% were observed for three extracts from soil samples with different composition. The proposed method is simple, low-cost and easy to use, and can be employed for studies involving atrazine in soil samples or for screening of atrazine in soils. 相似文献
110.
Alison G. Ossip-Klein Jesualdo A. Fuentes Diana K. Hews Emília P. Martins 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(9):1513-1522
Long-term signal evolution is shaped by a variety of selective pressures including the need to convey additional information or to improve message transfer to specific receivers or through multiple environments. Here, we test the relative importance of information and sensory modality in shaping the long-term evolution of multimodal signals in Sceloporus lizards. To broadcast identity at territorial boundaries, male Sceloporus use both visual motion (headbob) and chemical signals, whereas they use color (blue belly patches) to signal aggression. Using modern phylogenetic comparative methods, we found a negative correlation between evolutionary changes in visual motion (headbobs) and chemical (femoral pore) signals, but only indirect ties between the evolution of color and motion signals (both of which are perceived visually) through viviparity, and no evidence of an evolutionary link between color and chemical signals. We also find a negative correlation between arboreality and chemical signals. Thus, information content (in this case, broadcasting individual identity versus signaling aggression) appears to play a more important role than sensory modality or physical distance in guiding long-term signal evolution. Additional insights into the underlying evolutionary processes are described, illustrating the utility of a phylogenetic approach. 相似文献