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121.
The osmoregulatory abilities of one freshwater and two brackish water (Baltic Sea) populations of the euryhaline teleost
fish Gasterosteus aculeatus were studied with respect to evolutionary physiology. Plasma osmolality, activities of Na+K+-ATPase, citrate synthase, creatine kinase in the gill and free amino acids in liver, axial muscle and pectoral fin muscle
were measured. After transfer from 10 to 35 ppt at 15 °C, time-course changes of plasma osmolality and gill Na+K+-ATPase showed no significant fundamental differences between the freshwater and one of the Baltic Sea populations. In a multi-factorial
experiment, each population was exposed to four different abiotic regimes. Both brackish water populations had high mortality
in freshwater at 4 °C, which is discussed as a failure of osmotic regulation (reduced taurine concentrations). Freshwater
specimens had higher levels of glycine in the axial and pectoral fin muscles compared to the brackish water populations. This
is interpreted as a genetically based effect. In brackish (20 ppt) water of 15 °C, the freshwater population had high activities
of Na+K+-ATPase, but low activities of creatine kinase, whereas both brackish water populations behaved in the opposite way. A fundamental
difference between the freshwater and brackish water populations on the level of the osmoregulatory machinery was not observed.
Received: 10 December 1998 / Accepted: 22 September 1999 相似文献
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123.
Knud J. Helsing George W. Comstock Mary B. Meyer Melvin L. Tockman 《Environment international》1982,8(1-6)
The records of 708 nonsmoking white adult residents of Washington County, MD, who had participated in two of respiratory symptoms were analyzed to evaluate the effects of exposure at home to two potential sources of indoor air pollution: cigarette smoking by other household members, and use of gas as a cooking fuel. After adjustment for the effects of age, sex, socioeconomic level, occupational exposure to dust, and years of residence in household, the presence of one or more smokers in the household was only suggestively associated with a higher frequency of chronic phlegm and impaired ventilatory function defined as FEV1 < 80% predicted. The use for cooking was associated with a significantly increased frequency of chronic cough and a significantly greater percentage with impaired ventilatory function as measured both by FEV1 < 80% predicted and by FEV1/FVC < 70%. 相似文献
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126.
Rehman Shafiqur Natarajan Narayanan Mohandes Mohamed A. Meyer Joshua P. Alam Md Mahbub Alhems Luai M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):85842-85854
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this work is to understand the fluctuating nature of wind speed characteristics on different time scales and to find the long-term... 相似文献
127.
Battle Karimi Caroline Meyer Daniel Gilbert Nadine Bernard 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):467-475
Air pollution has a deleterious impact on public health and the environment. There is few knowledge on the effect of air pollution on terrestrial microbial communities, despite the major role of microbes in ecosystems. Here, we designed an in situ trial ecosystem to assess the impact of moderate atmospheric pollution, below World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds, on an indigenous microbial communities, including bacteria, fungi, ciliates, algae, cyanobacteria, testate amoebae, rotifers and nematodes, extracted from terrestrial bryophytes. These micro-ecosystems were placed at a rural, an urban and an industrial site in France and were thus exposed to various levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), from 6.6–67.9 μg·m?3, and particulate matter, from 0.7–7.9 μg·m?3. Microbial analysis was performed by microscopy. We determined atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and particulate matter with diameter lower than 10 µm (PM10), Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn in PM10, and (NO2). Results show a significant impact of chronic moderate exposure to NO2 and copper Cu-associated particulate matter on the global microbial network complexity. This is evidenced by a loss of about 40 % of microbial co-occurrence links during incubation. Most lost microbial links are ecologically positive links. Moreover, most changes in community co-occurrence networks are related to testate amoebae, a major top predator of microbes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that air pollution can have strong deleterious effects on microbial interactions, even at levels below WHO thresholds. 相似文献
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Meyer VF Redente EF Barbarick KA Brobst RB Paschke MW Miller AL 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(3):873-881
Soil stability and revegetation is a great concern following forest wildfires. Biosolids application might enhance revegetation efforts and enhance soil stability. In May 1997, we applied Metro Wastewater Reclamation District (Denver, CO, USA) composted biosolids at rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 Mg ha(-1) to a severely burned, previously forested site near Buffalo Creek, CO to improve soil C and N levels and help establish eight native, seeded grasses. The soils on the site belong to the Sphinx series (sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid, shallow Typic Ustorthents). Vegetation and soils data were collected for four years following treatment. During the four years following treatment, total plant biomass ranged from approximately 50 to 230 g m(-2) and generally increased with increasing biosolids application. The percentage of bare ground ranged from 4 to 58% and generally decreased with increasing biosolids rate. Higher rates of biosolids application were associated with increased concentrations of N, P, and Zn in tissue of the dominant plant species, streambank wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm) Gould subsp. lanceolatus], relative to the unamended, unfertilized control. At two months following biosolids application (1997), total soil C and N at soil depths of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm showed significant (P < 0.05) linear increases (r2 > 0.88) as biosolids rate increased. The surface soil layer also showed this effect one year after application (1998). For Years 2 through 4 (1999-2001) following treatment, soil C and N levels declined but did not show consistent trends. The increase in productivity and cover resulting from the use of biosolids can aid in the rehabilitation of wildfire sites and reduce soil erosion in ecosystems similar to the Buffalo Creek area. 相似文献
130.
Soil erosion and nutrient losses are great concerns following forest wildfires. Biosolids application might enhance revegetation efforts while reducing soil erodibility. Consequently, we applied Denver Metro Wastewater District composted biosolids at rates of 0, 40, and 80 Mg ha(-1) to a severely burned, previously forested site near Buffalo Creek, CO to increase plant cover and growth. Soils were classified as Ustorthents, Ustochrepts, and Haploborols. Simulated rainfall was applied for 30 min at a rate of 100 mm h(-1) to 3- x 10-m paired plots. Biosolids application rates did not significantly affect mean total runoff (p < 0.05). Sediment concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.05) from the control plots compared with the plots that had received the 80 Mg biosolids ha(-1) rate. Biosolids application rate had mixed effects on water-quality constituents; however, concentrations of all runoff constituents for all treatment rates were below levels recommended for drinking water standards, except Pb. Biosolids application to this site increased plant cover, which should provide erosion control. 相似文献