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41.
Nobuyuki Tsuji Anthony R. Chittenden Takuya Ogawa Takenori Takada Yan-Xuan Zhang Yutaka Saito 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(1):97-107
Since the late 1980s, spider mite pests have caused serious damage to many moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests in China’s Fujian province. The culms of this plant are an essential component of the building and handicraft industries,
and the shoots are a prized food item in many Asian countries. Furthermore, bamboo forests play an important soil conservation
role in mountainous areas. We examined pest mite outbreaks in several moso bamboo plantations in Fujian, and could show that
a change in cultivation style from polyculture (a kind of mixed forest) to monoculture (all plants other than bamboo were
removed) was primarily responsible for the local extinction of an important predaceous mite species. This phenomenon is due
to the periodic shedding of leaves by the bamboo, which forces the predator mites occurring on bamboo to switch to prey mite
species that occur on other plants. We then tried to elucidate the factors that resulted from such a cultivation change. Adopting
a computer simulation approach, we could successfully show that at least two plants, moso bamboo and Chinese silvergrass,
are necessary to maintain stable predator–prey interactions in moso forests. That is, systems consisting of one common predator
and two host-specific pest mites on different host plant species frequently became stable when the pest mites were at low
density. This finding indicates clearly that bio-diversity, even when it consists of only two plants and three mite species
as in this study, is necessary for the sustainable regulation of large-scale forests, such as moso bamboo plantations. 相似文献
42.
Ogawa Narihito Amano Takahito Koike Yuya 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(1):158-164
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Radioactive cesium found in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash can be easily eluted through contact with environmentally sourced... 相似文献
43.
Potential of Co2 emission reductions by carbonizing biomass waste from industrial tree plantation in South Sumatra,Indonesia 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Okimori Yasuyuki Ogawa Makoto Takahashi Fumio 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2003,8(3):261-280
Approximately half of the carbon in trees can be fixed to charcoal by carbonization. Porous charcoal is useful as a soil amendment
for crop fields and forests, and also as a water purifying agent. Given these facts, charcoal production should be recognized
as one of the most promising CO2 sequestration methods. A project on biomass utilization and forest conservation is proposed as a Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) project, by incorporating the carbonization of biomass residue and waste from tree plantations and pulp mills, and also
the utilization of carbon products in various fields. A feasibility study was conducted with the existing project of an industrial
tree plantation and pulp production in Indonesia. If conventional charcoal-making methods are used, a total of 368,000 t yr-1 of biomass residue and waste could be transformed into charcoal of77,000 t yr-1, and the carbon emission reductions by the project reaches 62,000t-C yr-1 (or 230,000 t-CO2yr-1) in consideration of the project baseline. This charcoal project could provide jobs for approximately 2,600people. The soil
fertility in man-made forests could be maintained by returning charcoal to the original forests. Therefore, the project would
be beneficial to the regional economy. In addition, the present charcoal project is expected to give more positive impacts
than negative ones, or leakage, beyond the project boundary.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
44.
Saito K Ogawa M Takekuma M Ohmura A Kawaguchi M Ito R Inoue K Matsuki Y Nakazawa H 《Chemosphere》2005,61(9):1215-1220
A systematic method for analyzing dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor epoxide and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in human milk was developed to determine the residual amount of HCB in human milk and to evaluate the overall toxicity of both dioxins and HCB in human milk. The fractionation behavior of HCB on chromatography with silica gel, alumina, and activated carbon/silica gel, and the concentrated sulfuric acid decomposition method, which is widely used as a dioxin cleanup method, were studied in order to make the preprocessing operation for HCB measurement compatible with that for conventional dioxin measurement. HCB was found to be eluted in the 2% dichloromethane (DCM)/hexane 60 ml fraction from an alumina column. Heptachlor epoxide and a part of beta-HCH were eluted in the 10% DCM/hexane 50 ml fraction from a silica gel column, while the remaining beta-HCH was eluted in the 25% DCM/hexane 60 ml fraction from an activated carbon/silica gel column. Moreover, HCB showed significant correlation with dioxin congeners having high toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs). The results suggest that the exposure route to HCB and its accumulation behavior in the human body are similar to those of the dioxins. 相似文献
45.
The degradation of ortho-chlorophenol using Fenton's reagent was studied by chemiluminescence (CL). Without a special CL reagent, a weak CL emission from the mixture of ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide was observed at room temperature. The CL intensity was increased by the addition of ortho-chlorophenol into the mixed solution. When the temperature was raised to 65℃, the CL intensity was enhanced strongly. The CL mechanisms for the system H2O2-Fe2+ with and without ortho-chlorophenol were studied by examining the CL spectrum, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electron spin resonance spectrum. The effects of various free radical scavengers, surfactants and fluorescence compounds on the CL intensity were also investigated. A self-catalytic oxidation mechanism was proposed. The results showed that singlet oxygen was the main emitter for the system H2O2-Fe2+. The strong CL from the system H2O2-Fe2+-ortho-chlorophenol was due to singlet oxygen and electronically excited quinone. The benzenediol-like intermediate product formed during the phenol oxidation process greatly promoted the Fenton's reaction and led to higher CL intensity. Chemiluninescence is a novel approach for the investigation of the oxidation of some organic pollutants by Fenton's reagent. 相似文献
46.
Sugawara Y Saito K Ogawa M Kobayashi S Shan G Sanborn JR Hammock BD Nakazawa H Matsuki Y 《Chemosphere》2002,46(9-10):1471-1476
In this study, the development of a toxicity evaluation method for dioxins in human milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was reported. A total of 17 human milk samples were tested by ELISA and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to assess whether the ELISA performed on samples obtained from primiparas could be considered as reliable enough for identifying a dioxins contamination in human milk. The concept of toxicity equivalent quantity (TEQ) screening was validated by comparing TEQ values for a set of human milk samples to the ELISA responses predicted for those samples. A fairly good correlation (r=0.920) between immunoassay and GC/MS was achieved for human milk. This ELISA should be useful for biological samples monitoring. 相似文献
47.
H. Ogawa 《Marine Biology》1976,38(2):163-168
The antheridium development of Sargassum fulvellum Ag. and S. kjellmanianum Yendo was investigated. The characteristics of meiosis were observed at the first division of the antheridium in both species. The chromosome number observed was 32 in both species. Six divisions were observed during the development of the antheridium, and the first two divisions were meiotic. 64 nuclei were formed in each antheridium, and cytoplasmic cleavage occurred after the final division. The manner of antheridium development in both species is similar to that already reported from Japan for 7 species of the genus Sargassum. 相似文献
48.
Atsumi Miyake Hidefumi Kobayashi Hiroshi Echigoya Shiro Kubota Yuji Wada Yuji Ogata Hiroyuki Arai Terushige Ogawa 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):584-588
To better understand the detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube tests were carried out for AN/AC mixtures of various compositions and different forms of AN (powdered, prilled, phase stabilized and granular), and the detonation velocity was measured. The powdered AN/AC mixtures gave higher detonation velocities than the other AN forms. For all the AN/AC mixtures, the experimentally observed detonation velocities at each loading density were far below the theoretically predicted values calculated by the CHEETAH code based on thermohydrodynamics, exhibiting so-called non-ideal detonation. The lowest detonation velocity of powdered AN/AC mixtures was obtained as D=1.25 km/s for an AC content of 0.1 wt%. This was considered to be close to the critical condition for stable detonation. 相似文献
49.
Takanobu Ogawa Vadim N. Gamezo Elaine S. Oran 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(2):355-362
We study flame acceleration and DDT in a two-dimensional staggered array of square obstacles by solving the compressible multidimensional reactive Navier–Stokes equations. The energy release rate for a stoichiometric H2-air mixture is modeled by a one-step Arrhenius kinetics. The space between obstacles is filled with a stoichiometric H2-air mixture at 1 atm and 298 K. Initially, the flow is at rest, and a flame is ignited at the center of the array. Computations show effects of the obstacles as a series of events leading to DDT. During the initial flame acceleration, the speed of the flame depends on the direction of flame propagation since some directions are more obstructed than others. This affects the macroscopic shape of the expanding burned region, which forms concave boundaries in more obstructed directions. As the flame accelerates, shocks form ahead of the flame, reflect from obstacles, and interact with the flame. There are more shock–flame interactions in more obstructed directions, and this leads to a greater flame acceleration and stronger leading shocks. When the shocks become strong enough, their collisions with obstacles ignite the gas mixture, and detonations form. The simulation shows four independent DDT events within a 90-degree sector, all in more obstructed directions. Resulting detonations spread in all directions. Some parts of detonation fronts are quenched by diffractions around obstacles, but they are reignited by collisions of decoupled shocks, or overtaken by other detonations. Thus detonations continue to spread and quickly burn all the material between the obstacles. 相似文献