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191.
Acidification of the rhizosphere of cactus seedlings (giant cardon, Pachycereus pringlei) after inoculation with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd, in the presence or absence of ammonium and nitrate, was studied to understand how to increase growth of cardon seedlings in poor desert soils. While ammonium enhanced rhizosphere and liquid culture acidification, inoculation with the bacteria enhanced it further. On the other hand, nitrate increased pH of the rhizosphere, but combined with the bacterial inoculation, increase in pH was significantly smaller. Bacterial inoculation with ammonium enhanced plant growth. 相似文献
192.
The Almería-Oran Oceanographic Front (AOOF) has been proposed as an effective marine barrier to gene flow between the NE Atlantic
Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea for several species. Previous studies using allozymes and mitochondrial DNA have reported
a scenario of secondary intergradation between populations of Mytilus galloprovincialis from those basins, with the allelic frequencies of some loci showing abrupt clinal patterns across the AOOF. In this study,
we aimed at testing the congruence between six neutral polymorphic microsatellites versus previous data on allozymes and mtDNA-RFLPs,
at depicting the population structure of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. Microsatellite genotyping was scored on 17
samples of mussels collected in the Iberian coast, including some areas not sampled before. Microsatellites exhibited larger
intrabasin diversity (F
SC = 1.72%,
), similar interbasin differentiation (F
CT = 2.81%) and fewer allelic clines than allozymes or mtDNA haplotypes. These results fully support the scenario of secondary
intergradation with some ongoing gene flow between basins, as proposed in previous analyses. Moreover, this congruence between
markers and analyses separated by a 12-year period (1988–2000) confirm the temporal stability of this marine barrier at shaping
the Iberian phylogeographic break in M. galloprovincialis. In addition, the genetic continuity between the NE Atlantic (Portugal) and the Alboran Sea seems to be warranted across the
Gulf of Cadiz and the Gibraltar strait after the present microsatellite data.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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195.
Expanding Kenya's protected areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity to maximize coverage of plant diversity
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Biodiversity is highly valuable and critically threatened by anthropogenic degradation of the natural environment. In response, governments have pledged enhanced protected‐area coverage, which requires scarce biological data to identify conservation priorities. To assist this effort, we mapped conservation priorities in Kenya based on maximizing alpha (species richness) and beta diversity (species turnover) of plant communities while minimizing economic costs. We used plant‐cover percentages from vegetation surveys of over 2000 plots to build separate models for each type of diversity. Opportunity and management costs were based on literature data and interviews with conservation organizations. Species richness was predicted to be highest in a belt from Lake Turkana through Mount Kenya and in a belt parallel to the coast, and species turnover was predicted to be highest in western Kenya and along the coast. Our results suggest the expanding reserve network should focus on the coast and northeastern provinces of Kenya, where new biological surveys would also fill biological data gaps. Meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity target of 17% terrestrial coverage by 2020 would increase representation of Kenya's plant communities by 75%. However, this would require about 50 times more funds than Kenya has received thus far from the Global Environment Facility. 相似文献
196.
Bugueño-Carrasco Sebastián Monteil Hélène Toledo-Neira Carla Sandoval Miguel Ángel Thiam Abdoulaye Salazar Ricardo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23753-23766
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the simultaneous degradation of antibiotics (ampicillin, sulfamethazine, and tetracycline; and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories... 相似文献
197.
Mousazadeh Milad Niaragh Elnaz Karamati Usman Muhammad Khan Saif Ullah Sandoval Miguel Angel Al-Qodah Zakaria Khalid Zaied Bin Gilhotra Vishakha Emamjomeh Mohammad Mahdi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43143-43172
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation,... 相似文献
198.
The promotion of development projects based on the commercialization of non‐timber forest products has increased in recent decades, showing a positive contribution to rural development; yet it has led to controversial approaches in resource preservation. This paper examines the case of Candelilla wax from the Chihuahuan Desert in northern Mexico, identifying its potential contribution to poverty alleviation in marginal areas, and its unique opportunity to access potential markets of a wide variety of industries all around the world. In this paper, the authors base their analysis on three main aspects: social, economic and environmental. Potential benefits that could be obtained from the collaboration of private institutions, development organizations, policymakers and rural producers through integrated rural development projects are featured. 相似文献
199.
Restoring Forests and Associated Ecosystem Services on Appalachian Coal Surface Mines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zipper CE Burger JA Skousen JG Angel PN Barton CD Davis V Franklin JA 《Environmental management》2011,47(5):751-765
Surface coal mining in Appalachia has caused extensive replacement of forest with non-forested land cover, much of which is
unmanaged and unproductive. Although forested ecosystems are valued by society for both marketable products and ecosystem
services, forests have not been restored on most Appalachian mined lands because traditional reclamation practices, encouraged
by regulatory policies, created conditions poorly suited for reforestation. Reclamation scientists have studied productive
forests growing on older mine sites, established forest vegetation experimentally on recent mines, and identified mine reclamation
practices that encourage forest vegetation re-establishment. Based on these findings, they developed a Forestry Reclamation
Approach (FRA) that can be employed by coal mining firms to restore forest vegetation. Scientists and mine regulators, working
collaboratively, have communicated the FRA to the coal industry and to regulatory enforcement personnel. Today, the FRA is
used routinely by many coal mining firms, and thousands of mined hectares have been reclaimed to restore productive mine soils
and planted with native forest trees. Reclamation of coal mines using the FRA is expected to restore these lands’ capabilities
to provide forest-based ecosystem services, such as wood production, atmospheric carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, watershed
protection, and water quality protection to a greater extent than conventional reclamation practices. 相似文献
200.
Ordóñez A Alvarez R Charlesworth S De Miguel E Loredo J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(1):128-136
Analytical results of soil samples taken in three different mercury mining sites in Northern Spain are studied to assess the potential adverse health effects of the exposure to trace elements associated with the mining process. Doses contacted through ingestion and inhalation and the dose absorbed through the skin were calculated using USEPA's exposure parameters and the US Department of Energy's toxicity values. The results of the risk assessment indicate that the highest risk is associated with ingestion of soil particles and that the trace element of major concern is arsenic, the exposure to which results in a high cancer risk value for all the sites ranging from 3.3 × 10(-5) to 3.6 × 10(-3), well above the 1 × 10(-5) probability level deemed unacceptable by most regulatory agencies. Regarding non-cancer effects, exposure to polluted soils yields an aggregate hazard index above the threshold value of 1 for all three sites, with As and Hg as the main contributors. Risk assessment has proven to be a very useful tool to identify the contaminants and exposure pathways of most concern in the soils from metal mining sites, as well as to categorize them in terms of action priority to ensure fitness for use. 相似文献