环境污染防治在建筑工程管理施工中的作用分析与研究

建筑活动是破坏环境资源、污染环境的主要活动之一,如何有效达到施工环境污染防治的目标已经逐渐成为社会关注的焦点话题。为有效防治施工环境污染,文中首先对典型施工环境污染的主要来源进行分析,然后提出施工环境污染防治目标的动态控制流程,并从设置动态控制目标、重视主动控制、多方面釆取有效措施方面对目标的动态控制进行分析。通过对施工环境目标的动态控制分析,使动态控制原理在项目环境管理领域有效运用,降低了建筑施工对环境的污染。     

元素和矿物组成揭示的金沙江干热河谷黄土状物质的物源

利用沉积物解读古环境信息的前提是必须清楚它的物源。金沙江干热河谷中存在的黄土状物质为解读金沙江河谷环境演化提供了一种物质载体。论文从物质组成相似性方面来研究金沙江干热河谷中黄土状物质的主要来源。通过测试分析黄土状物质以及其可能的物源,包括金沙江河漫滩、古堰塞湖沉积物以及金沙江流域山原红壤的元素和矿物组成后发现:金沙江古堰塞湖沉积物在常量元素、微量元素和矿物组成上与黄土状物质最为接近,说明古堰塞湖沉积可能是金沙江干热河谷黄土状物质的主要物源,这一结论与作者在野外观察到的凡有黄土状物质分布的地区,在附近就能找到古堰塞湖沉积的现象是一致的。     

东湖沉积物中色素的环境意义研究

介绍了用紫外可见分光光度法测定东湖沉积物中几种指示色素含量的方法及各色素所代表的环境意义,探讨了近百年来东湖地区的环境演化历程。结果表明,近二十多年来,随着该地区工业的发展和人口的大量聚集,东湖已呈现严重的富营养化态势。     

Kinetics of continuous biodegradation of pesticide organic wastewater by activated carbon-activated sludge

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青藏高原土地开发潜力与对策

青藏高原土地辽阔 ,地势高寒 ,农林牧各类土地资源的质量与数量很不平衡 ,开发潜力不一。提高现有耕地的单产水平 ;加强草场建设 ,提高畜产商品率 ;禁伐和保护天然林,积极发展经济果木与林下资源的生产 ,乃是高原土地合理开发 ,农业持续发展的重要对策     

工业源VOCs污染防控对策案例研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)已经与氮氧化物(NOx)、颗粒物等成为我国典型城市群的主要大气污染物,其中工业源VOCs排放量大,是珠江三角洲地区影响最大的一类VOCs排放源。由于VOCs种类繁多,来源及转化生成臭氧的机制复杂,为解决此类复杂的VOCs污染问题,文章以东莞市作为珠三角典型区域代表,归纳总结了VOCs防控措施,分析了工业源VOCs治理的难点,有针对性地提出相关的有效对策建议,以期为大气环境质量管理和决策提供有益帮助,也为全国其他城市的VOCs污染防控提供借鉴。     

生物难降解有机污染物微生物处理技术的进展

耗氧有机污染物的微生物处理技术已日趋完善，研究重点转向生物难解污染物处理，文章详细阐述了几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的研究进展：（１）几种污染物的高效降解微生物的分离培养以及这些高效降解微生物的降解效率和最佳降解条件研究。（２）利用微生物共代谢作用降解污染物的研究，为一些难以作为微生物唯一碳源和能源的污染物生物降解提供一条有效的途径；（３）利用基因工程技术创建高效降解菌的研究，该项技术在提高     

Seasonal occurrence of the yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) on deepwater rice in Bangladesh and Thailand

Deepwater rice is grown in South and Southeast Asia on 11 million hectares flooded deeply during the monsoon. Surveys for the incidence of stem borers in deepwater rice in Bangladesh from 1977 to 1980, and in Thailand during 1981 and 1982, showed that borer incidence and species composition were remarkably similar. Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) usually comprised more than 90% of the borer population and was almost exclusively present during the main flooding period. Chilo polychrysus (Meyr.) comprised 11% and Sesamia inferens (Walker) 6% of the population in the pre-flood and ripening stages.Low borer activity in the early part of the season was explained by a low nucleus population, the synchronous planting of deepwater rice, and severe moisture stress and high temperatures in the pre-flood period. In Bangladesh, a severe drought in 1979 limited Scirpophaga incertulas populations to unusually low levels until the flowering stage. In Thailand, drier conditions, the lack of an intervening rice crop in the dry season and a longer pre-flood period, appeared to severely restrict early season borer activity. The onset of flooding and stem elongation provided a more favourable environment for S. incertulas. Borer activity increased steadily during the first 3–4 months of flooding, to average 23% damaged stems (26 m^?2) and 13 borer immature stages/100 stems (13 m^?2) by the flowering stage. Borer activity continued at about the same level as the water receded, to reach maximum annual levels of 38–44% damaged stems (35 m^?2) at the late-ripening stage. At harvest, 60% of the fields were at outbreak level (>40% damaged stems). Such high levels of damage are explained by the long growth period of deepwater rice, favourable weather during the flooding period, and the optimum habitat of the elongated stem. S. incertulas populations then crashed to low levels; the larvae entering diapause in the field stubble. Although related to actual damage, the deadheart and whitehead symptoms grossly under-estimated the extent of stem damage.     

A review of gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in atmospheric chemistry modelling

The atmospheric chemical mechanism is an essential component of airshed models used for investigating the chemical behaviors and impacts of species. Since the first tropospheric chemical mechanism was proposed in the 1960s, various mechanisms including Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM), Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC) and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) have been developed for different research purposes. This work summarizes the development and applications of these mechanisms, introduces their compositions and lumping methods, and compares the ways the mechanisms treat radicals with box model simulations. CBM can reproduce urban pollution events with relatively low cost compared to SAPRC and RACM, whereas the chemical behaviors of radicals and the photochemical production of ozone are described in detail in RACM. The photolysis rates of some oxygenated compounds are low in SAPRC07, which may result in underestimation of radical levels. As an explicit chemical mechanism, MCM describes the chemical processes of primary pollutants and their oxidation products in detail. MCM can be used to investigate certain chemical processes; however, due to its large size, it is rarely used in regional model simulations. A box model case study showed that the chemical behavior of OH and HO₂ radicals and the production of ozone were well described by all mechanisms. CBM and SAPRC underestimated the radical levels for different chemical treatments, leading to low ozone production values in both cases. MCM and RACM are widely used in box model studies, while CBM and SAPRC are often selected in regional simulations.     

反硝化在土壤及地下水中的净化作用

综述了土壤及地下水系统中反硝化作用的研究进展，详细地介绍了反硝化作用的原理和机制，用以防治地表水和地下水的污染。