环境材料及其评价方法

本文综述了环境材料的实质、特点及其与传统材料在主要内涵、研究重点、评价指标体系和材料选择原则的差异 ,并介绍了环境材料的评价体系与方法和设计原则     

用磁选与浮选实现碱洗废液的净化与再用

碱洗是硅钢生产的重要环节。碱洗液随使用时间的延长 ,其中会累积大量杂质 ,造成碱液清洗效率下降而失效。本文使用磁选与浮选联合法去除碱液中的杂质 ,达到了提高碱洗效率并实现碱液的循环再用     

铁的环境地球化学综述

本文详细介绍了铁在表生地球化学环境中的存在状态,亚铁的氧化动力学,铁微生物地球化学及铁在表生带迁移转化的环境学意义,强调了铁环境地球化学研究的重要性     

爆破毒气及其控制

爆破毒气是爆破五大公害之一,本文通过理论分析对其产生、传播机理进行了探讨,并提出了相关的控制技术。     

基于疲劳累积破坏机制的储罐结构动力可靠度分析

针对随机风载荷作用下储罐结构动力可靠性问题,以300 m3的中小型立式低温储罐为研究对象,利用AR模型进行数值模拟得到风载荷的脉动风速时程与脉动功率谱密度函数。采用ANSYS建立储罐三维有限元模型,并对储罐进行动力学分析,计算出储罐结构的随机响应,进而求出随机风载荷作用下储罐结构动力可靠性所需全部数字特征,最后利用疲劳累积损伤机制计算得到储罐的动力可靠度。结果表明:假设结构强度不随时间退化,前5 a动力可靠度基本保持不变,随着使用年限的延长,动力可靠度下降速度明显增大。研究方法可为储罐的动力可靠性及寿命预测提供一定的理论依据。     

基于贝叶斯网络气化炉供料系统风险分析

为解决当前气化炉供料系统风险分析不完善的状况,提出1种基于贝叶斯网络和HAZOP的风险分析模型。以某单日投煤量3 000 t级气化炉煤化工企业实际运行情况为研究对象,应用HAZOP法对其进行风险分析,并将HAZOP分析结果中各偏差产生原因转化为贝叶斯网络节点;考虑到先验知识的缺乏问题,引入Leaky Noisy OR模型,通过文献资料和相关领域专家经验知识获得先验概率,并利用贝叶斯网络进行风险分析,找出系统运行的薄弱环节。结果表明:未知因素影响会使各节点的后验概率值差异性降低,更加贴合实际;在引入未知因素影响后,系统运行薄弱环节并未发生改变。     

国内外总量管理制度发展历程对南京市的启示

本文介绍了国内外总量管理制度的发展历程,特别是"十三五"以来我国总量管理工作新的规定,并由此产生的针对南京市主要污染物总量管理工作的几点启示。     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.     

基于GIS和USLE的小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价

通过气象数据分析、实地调查、野外采样及室内分析、DEM计算、遥感解译等,建立了南水北调中线水源地丹江口水库区典型小流域地理数据库,确定了计算USLE因子指标的方法。在ArcGIS支持下,模拟了小流域土壤侵蚀强度的空间分布。将模拟结果分为微度、低度、中度、强度、剧烈侵蚀5级,建立土壤侵蚀与土地利用/土地覆盖类型及坡度之间的关系。结果表明：研究区年均土壤侵蚀量2414 t/hm2,远超该地区容许土壤流失量5 t/（hm2·a）。96%的侵蚀区及95%的土壤侵蚀总量位于<25°区域。就土地利用/土地覆盖类型而言,陡坡耕作区是主要的土壤流失区。研究结果为水源区的土壤侵蚀治理提供参考意见,同时为USLE在无土壤类型图地区的应用提供一种方法借鉴     

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

Abstract

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in “the effects of contra-geography-grads development”. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of “the vicious circle of poverty” by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called “the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River” is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.