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71.
72.
Mohammad N. Almasri Jagath J. Kaluarachchi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):165-186
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a modeling approach based on a geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the variability of on‐ground nitrogen loading and the corresponding nitrate leaching to ground water. The methodology integrates all point and nonpoint sources of nitrogen, the national land cover database, soil nitrogen transformations, and the uncertainty of key soil and land use‐related parameters to predict the nitrate mass leaching to ground water. The analysis considered 21 different land use classes with information derived from nitrogen sources such as fertilizer and dairy manure applications, dairy lagoons, septic systems, and dry and wet depositions. Simulations were performed at a temporal resolution of one month to capture seasonal trends. The model was applied to a large aquifer of 376 square miles in Washington State that serves more than 100,000 residents with drinking water. The results showed that dairy manure is the main source of nitrogen in the area followed by fertilizers. It was also seen that nitrate leaching is controlled by the recharge rate, and there can be a substantial buildup of soil nitrogen over long periods of time. Uncertainty analysis showed that denitrification rate is the most influential parameter on nitrate leaching. The results showed that combining management alternatives is a successful strategy, especially with the use of nitrification inhibitors. Also, change in the land use pattern has a noticeable impact on nitrate leaching. 相似文献
73.
Faezeh Ghanati Parviz Abdolmaleki Majid Vaezzadeh Elham Rajabbeigi Mohammad Yazdani 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):429-434
In the present research, the effects of static magnetic field, with or without iron on the growth, the activity of certain
enzymes (like polyphenol oxidase and phenyle alanine ammonialyase), the content of phenolic compounds and the essential oil
composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) were studied. Treatment of plants with static magnetic field with or without iron led to decrease of the growth of plants
as well as decrease in the activity of phenyle alanine ammonialyase and of phenolic compounds content. In addition in those
plants exposed to magnetic field the amount of essential oils, notably of methyl chavicol, was increased. Exposure of plants
to the magnetic field decreased the activity of polyphenol oxidase, whereas treatment of plants with iron when exposed to
magnetic field increased polyphenol oxidase activity. In this group the content of essential oil was reduced. 相似文献
74.
Nityananda Mondal Mayalagu Rajkumar Jun Sun Sourav Kundu P. S. Lyla Seyed Ajmal Khan Jean Paul Trilles 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,171(1-4):471-486
The present study about the gammarid amphipods of Vellar and Uppanar estuaries was performed during two seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, 2005–2006), respectively, in nine habitats: five in the Vellar estuary and four in the Uppanar estuary. Amphipod samples were collected from sediments, oyster beds, seaweeds, sea grass, and mangroves. A total of 29 species of gammarid amphipods were collected in each area. The surface water temperature ranged from 16°C to 26°C, the salinity from 20 to 32 psu, and the pH between 7.5 and 8.3. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.3 to 7.8 ml/l. The maximum abundance of amphipods was observed during the pre-monsoon (July to September) in Vellar mangrove, and it was minimum during the pre-monsoon in Uppanar sea grass. It was found that several physicochemical factors, such as salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and the substrate have a marked effect on the distribution and the relative abundance of amphipods. The ranges of species diversity, richness, dominance, and evenness in the Vellar and Uppanar estuaries were 1.58–4.15, 1.82–5.29, 0–0.11, and 0.96–1, respectively. Using multivariate analyses, in each estuary, it was possible to identify different communities of amphipod species according to their habitats. 相似文献
75.
Parinaz Poursafa Ehsan Ataee Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh Gelayol Ardalan Mohammad Hassan Tajadini Maryam Yazdi Roya Kelishadi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13496-13502
This study aims to determine the difference of serum Pb and Hg levels in adolescents with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the association of serum levels of these heavy metals with cardiometabolic risk factors and liver enzymes in Iranian adolescents. The study population consisted of 320 adolescents (160 with MetS and 160 healthy controls). The relationship between serum heavy metals and cardiometabolic risk factors was assessed by linear regression. The odds ratios (OR) of having metabolic syndrome across Pb and Hg quartiles were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. The mean (SD) of Pb and Hg concentrations were higher in adolescents with MetS than in those without it (0.83 (0.27) and 0.17 (0.01) vs. 0.65 (0.15) and 0.10 (0.08)?μg/L, P?=?0.01 and 0.0001, respectively). Increase in serum Pb and Hg was associated with increase in some cardiometabolic risk factors. Among boys and girls, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and alanine aminotransaminase increased significantly across quartiles of serum Pb. Among girls, SBP, DBP, TC, and TG had a significant increase across Hg quartiles. The corresponding figure among boys was significant for SBP, DBP, and TG. Higher quartiles of Pb increased the risk of having MetS (OR 95 % CI 3.10, 2.25–4.27), the corresponding figure was 2.03, 1.75–3.16, across Hg quartiles. Our study showed significant associations between serum Pb and Hg levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. In future surveys, the role of potential confounders should be considered more extensively. The clinical significance of these findings needs to be confirmed in longitudinal studies. By considering the origins of chronic diseases from early life, controlling environmental pollutants should be considered as a health priority for primordial or primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases. 相似文献
76.
The Himalayan watersheds are susceptible to various forms of degradation due to their sensitive and fragile ecological disposition coupled with increasing anthropogenic disturbances. Owing to the paucity of appropriate technology and financial resources, the prioritization of watersheds has become an inevitable process for effective planning and management of natural resources. Lidder catchment constitutes a segment of the western Himalayas with an area of 1,159.38 km2. The study is based on integrated analysis of remote sensing, geographic information system, field study, and socioeconomic data. Multicriteria evaluation of geophysical, land-use and land-cover (LULC) change, and socioeconomic indicators is carried out to prioritize watersheds for natural resource conservation and management. Knowledge-based weights and ranks are normalized, and weighted linear combination technique is adopted to determine final priority value. The watersheds are classified into four priority zones (very high priority, high priority, medium priority, and low priority) on the basis of quartiles of the priority value, thus indicating their ecological status in terms of degradation caused by anthropogenic disturbances. The correlation between priority ranks of individual indicators and integrated indicators is drawn. The results reveal that socioeconomic indicators are the most important drivers of LULC change and environmental degradation in the catchment. Moreover, the magnitude and intensity of anthropogenic impact is not uniform in different watersheds of Lidder catchment. Therefore, any conservation and management strategy must be formulated on the basis of watershed prioritization. 相似文献
77.
Mokarram Marzieh Pourghasemi Hamid Reza Mokarram Mohammad Jafar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):43891-43912
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wind energy is considered one of the most efficient and cost-effective ways to generate electricity, since it has a low environmental impact. So, it... 相似文献
78.
Mohammadhosein Safari Amin Ghanizadeh Mohammad Mehdi Montazer-Rahmati 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(1):3-10
Simple models for permeability and selectivity variations of the CO2/CH4 system in 6FDA-2,6-DAT membrane have been derived that include both temperature and pressure effects simultaneously in a single equation. The proposed models were used in MATLAB, for a membrane-based CO2-removal process design for natural gas sweetening. The effects of the following factors on design parameters were examined: feed temperature, feed pressure and permeate pressure. The effect of permeate pressure was found to be very significant in the optimization process. In order to reduce hydrocarbon losses to below 2%, a two-stage membrane process was modeled and simulated in MATLAB, and the extent of desired hydrocarbon recovery was shown to be crucial in the optimization process. It has also been shown that there exist minima for the total required area of the two-stage membrane-based process, and as the CO2 load increases in the feed, the position of these minima shift to higher values of methane loss. 相似文献
79.
Nazan Karsavuran Mohammad Charehsaz Hayati Celik Bayram Murat Asma Cengiz Yakıncı 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):1564-1570
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) poisoning due to amygdalin (AMY) in apricot seeds is one of the public health issues in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMY content of 13 different apricot seeds including bitter and sweet ones, and which are either sulfurized or roasted. The AMY content was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography. Release of HCN was predicted and total amount of seeds which can cause poisoning was calculated. The mean AMY content of bitter seeds was 26 ± 14 mg g?1 and that of sweet seeds was 0.16 ± 0.09 mg g?1. The consumption of small amounts of bitter seeds may cause cyanide poisoning. 相似文献
80.
Salehi Tahereh Shirvani Mehran Dinari Mohammad Gavili Edris 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4463-4478
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Adsorptive removal of toxic metals from water using materials with high removal capability and sufficient environmental degradability is of great... 相似文献