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831.
Mohammad Rasheed Tariq Al Najjar Mohamad G. Al-Masri Saima Mian 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):287-295
Degradation rates of light and heavy oil in permeable carbonate sands from the Gulf of Aqaba were investigated to evaluate the ability of sediments to degrade oil compounds. Silicate sands that are less permeable and different properties from carbonate sands were used for comparison. Estimates of oil degradation rates were based on oxygen consumption rates, calculated by incubating natural carbonate sands with oil. The degradation rates of light oil were twofold higher than those of heavy oil, which may be attributed to the presence of a higher carbon number in heavy oil compared with light oil. Degradation rates of light oil in carbonate sands were twofold higher than in silicate sands. Oil degradation rates calculated using the bottle incubation technique were three- to fourfold higher than rates from chamber incubations, indicating the importance of adequate mixing between oil particles and sediments during degradation processes. This study suggests that permeable sands, through their chemical and physical properties, increase oil biodegradation rates by enhancing flow through sediment particles and positively impacting bioturbation processes. 相似文献
832.
Battaleb-Looie S Moore F Jacks G Ketabdari MR 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(5):641-650
The present study is the first attempt to put forward possible source(s) of fluoride in the Dashtestan area, Bushehr Province, southern Iran. In response to reports on the high incidence of dental fluorosis, 35 surface and groundwater samples were collected and analysed for fluoride. The results indicate that dissolved fluoride in the study area is above the maximum permissible limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An additional 35 soil and rock samples were also collected and analysed for fluoride, and rock samples were subjected to petrographic investigations and X-ray diffraction. The results of these analyses show that the most likely source for fluoride in the groundwater is from clay minerals (chlorite) and micas (muscovite, sericite, and biotite) in the soils and rocks in the area. We also note that due to the high average temperatures all year round and excessive water consumption in the area, the optimum fluoride dose level should be lower than that recommended by the WHO. 相似文献
833.
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ZuLiang Chen Ravi Naidu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):93-102
We have developed a novel microwave-assisted extraction method for determining the arsenic (As) speciation in soils that is
based on extraction with phosphate solutions, including orthophosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and ammonium
hydrogen orthophosphate. The highest extracting efficiency was obtained with 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid solution as the extractant, and this efficiency is associated with the pH of the extractant. Total
As content and As species in the soil extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) alone
and by the combined ion chromatography (IC) with ICP-MS, respectively. The proposed extraction procedure was applied to National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM) 2711 (Montana soil) as well as to environmental
soil samples collected from the agricultural lands of Bangladesh. As(V) was detected in all the soil samples, and As(III)
was detected in nine soils of the 20. These results of extractable As testing indicate that the extraction of As species mainly
depends on the composition of the soils. The As speciation results also indicate that As adsorption is highly dependent on
the iron, aluminum, and manganese concentrations in the soil. The stability of As species in the extracts was also studied. 相似文献
834.
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman R. Naidu Prosun Bhattacharya 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):9-21
The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian
countries. In this study, we present an overview of the As crisis in the Southeast Asian region where groundwater is contaminated
with naturally occurring As and where contamination has become more widespread in recent years. In this region more than 100 million
people are estimated to be at risk from groundwater As contamination, and some 700,000 people are known so far to have been
affected by As-related diseases. Despite investments exceeding many millions of dollars, there are still substantial knowledge
gaps about the prevalence and impact of As, notably in its epidemiology, temporal variations, social factors, patient identification,
treatment, etc. Arsenic-affected people in the affected regions also face serious social problems. Of major concern is the
fact that many researchers from different countries have been conducting research in SE Asia region but with a lack of coordination,
thus duplicating their work. There is an urgent need to coordinate these various studies to ensure better delivery of research
outcomes. Further research is needed to improve field testing and monitoring of drinking water sources, and to develop new
treatments for chronic As toxicity and new sources of safe drinking water. 相似文献
835.
836.
Pasalari Hasan Farzadkia Mahdi Gholami Mitra Emamjomeh Mohammad M. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):335-348
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The quantity and quality of leachate generated in a landfill are very important when it comes to waste management. Sanitary landfill is still being considered as... 相似文献
837.
Introduction Nitromusksarewidelyusedassyntheticfragranceingredientsinformulationofsoaps,laundrydetergents,lotions,andbody careproducts,andsoon.Thecommercial anddomesticuseanddischargeofthesecompoundsfrommunicipalsewagesystemshaveledtotheirubiquitousoccurr… 相似文献
838.
The distribution of heavy metals viz., Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the water, sediments, plants and fish samples collected from the Kali Nadi (India) have been determined. The studies have shown that there was considerable variation in the concentration of heavy metals from one sampling station to the other which may be due to the variation in the quality of industrial and sewage wastes being added to the river at different places. The orders of the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, plants (Eicchornia crassipes) and fish (Heteropnuestes fossilis) were Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd; Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cr > Co > Cu > Pb > Cd; Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr > Cd and Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Co > Cr > Cu > Cd, respectively. 相似文献
839.
Incinerators do not achieve a complete mineralization of organic constituents of municipal solid waste. The solid residues (bottom ash, boiler ash and air pollution control residues) contain carbon which can be determined as total organic carbon (TOC). This work focuses on the TOC composition and its significance to the genesis and diagenesis of the solid residues. An analytical procedure is presented to characterize carbon species by different chemical and microscopic analytical methods. The procedure is based on two steps. In the first step a quantitative classification of TOC into four different carbon species (elemental carbon, water extractable organic carbon, dichloromethane extractable organic carbon and non extractable organic carbon) is performed to obtain a first survey of the TOC composition. Based on this survey a further characterization of individual carbon species is performed. The results of the qualitative and quantitative characterization of carbon species allow to postulate hypotheses on the influence of organic carbon on the long-term behavior of the solid residues. 相似文献
840.
M. Nisa Unaldi Coral Sonay Ucman Hasan Yildiz Haydar Oztas Semih Dalkilic 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(5):696-699
The mutagenic and carcinogenic e ects of parathion-methyl were examined by bacterial reverse mutation assay and a long-term
experiment with wistar rats. The potential mutagenic e ect of parathion-methyl in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 bacterial cells was
observed without rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Parathion-methyl was further investigated for pathological changes in rat pancreas
and liver. The long-term rat experiments showed that parathion-methyl exposure for 3 months can cause pathological changes in rat
pancreases acinar cells and pancreatic hepatocytes. Atypical acinar cell focuses (AACF) were determined in the liver and pancreas
of the rats. The results from short-term Ames test and long-term rat experiments suggested that parathion-methyl would be potential
carcinogenic. 相似文献