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191.
Carin Jantzen Christian Wild Mohammed El-Zibdah Hilly Ann Roa-Quiaoit Christoph Haacke Claudio Richter 《Marine Biology》2008,155(2):211-221
Two species of giant clams, Tridacna maxima and T. squamosa, coexist in the Red Sea, but exhibit distinctly different depth distributions: T. maxima mostly occurs in shallow waters (reef flat and edge), while T. squamosa may occur down to the lower fore-reef slope. Giant clams have been described as mixotrophic, capable of both filter-feeding
and photosynthesis due to algal symbionts (zooxanthellae), therefore, observed depth preferences were investigated in relation
to possible differences in autotrophy vs. heterotrophy. This study was conducted from April to June 2004, at the reef near
the Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, and in May 2007, at a reef near Dahab, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt.
In situ measurements using a submersible pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer (Diving PAM), revealed no significant differences
in effective PSII quantum yield (ΔF/Fm′) and relative electron transport rates (ETR) between the two species; but rapid light curves (ETR vs. light, photosynthetically
active irradiance, PAR) showed significant differences in maximum photosynthetic rates (ETRmax), with 20% higher values in T. maxima. Chamber incubations displayed higher net and gross oxygen production by T. maxima (88.0 and 120.3 μmol O2 cm−2 mantle area day−1) than T. squamosa (56.7 and 84.8 μmol O2 cm−2 mantle area day−1); even under shading conditions (simulated depth of 20 m) T. maxima still achieved 93% of the surface gross O2 production, whereas T. squamosa reached only 44%. A correlation was found between ETR and net photosynthesis measured as oxygen production (T. maxima: R
2 = 0.53; T. squamosa: R
2 = 0.61). Calculated compensation depth (CD) (gross photosynthesis equals respiration) in T. maxima (16 m) matches the maximum depth of occurrence in this study (17 m). By contrast, the CD of T. squamosa (9 m) was much shallower than the maximum vertical range (42 m). Findings suggest T. maxima is a strict functional photoautotroph limited by light, whereas T. squamosa is a mixotroph whose photoautotrophic range is extended by heterotrophy.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
192.
Naz Asma Zaman Khalid Yousaf Sheikh Usman Nassani Abdelmohsen A. Aldakhil Abdullah Mohammed Abro Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25676-25689
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of the study is to conduct the socio-economic and environmental survey about the feasibility of Saudi Arabia-China-Pakistan Economic... 相似文献
193.
Mohammed I. Haniff Raymond H. Zienius Cooper H. Langford Donald S. Gamble 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):215-262
Abstract The solution phase complexing equilibria of atrazine by fulvic acid at 25°C±1.° have been investigated over the pH range of 1.3 to 6.0. Experiments with 0.1MKC1 and chelated Cu(II) are compared with those without metal ions. The use of a fulvic acid having calibrated acidic and Cu(II) chelation properties has made it possible to obtain stoicheometricly “exact”; chemical information. This is correlated with previous hydrolysis kinetics work. It is concluded that atrazine is hydrogen bonded in a labile equilibrium, to an identifiable set of protonated carboxyl groups, which act as Brönsted acid catalysts for hydrolysis. 0.1M KC1 changes (1‐αA), the degree of protonation of the carboxyl groups, without otherwise affecting the atrazine complexing. Cu(II) chelation both reduces and weakens the complexing through a combination of carboxyl group blocking, and fulvic acid aggregation. Simple equations are presented for predictive calculations. 相似文献
194.
Problem
Limited literature suggests that gasoline prices have substantial effects on reducing fatal crashes. However, the literature focuses only on fatal crashes and does not examine the effects on all traffic crashes.Methods
Mississippi traffic crash data from April 2004–December 2008 from the Mississippi Highway Patrol and regular-grade unleaded gasoline price data from the Energy Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy were used to investigate the effects of gasoline prices on traffic safety by age, gender, and race.Results
Gasoline prices have both short-term and intermediate-term effects on reducing total traffic crashes and crashes of females, whites, and blacks. The intermediate-term effects are generally stronger than the short-term effects. Gasoline prices also have short-term effects on reducing crashes of younger drivers and intermediate-term effects on older drivers and male drivers.Impact on Industry
Higher gasoline taxes reduce traffic crashes and may result in additional societal benefits. 相似文献195.
This paper develops a macroeconomic framework for creating a competitive and sustainable Saudi Arabian economy, taking into account the interrelationships among social, environmental, and economic factors. The objective of the research is to build a model that will allow for evaluating the effects of a wide range of emissions abatement policies on economic growth and development. The research methodology is grounded in econometric modeling of the Saudi economy over the period 1980–2010. The estimated parameters of the model were used to project long-term gross domestic product (GDP) growth paths based on three environmental degradation abatement scenarios. The results suggest that the sustainability of economic growth in Saudi Arabia critically depends on aggressive emissions-reduction policies since policy scenarios corresponding to higher pollution cuts yielded higher, sustained long-term GDP. The results also broadly reject the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, implying that a turning point in the relationship between CO2 emissions and per capita GDP is yet to be attained. 相似文献
196.
Salhi Anas Esserrar Sana Nechchadi Bouchra El Amine Ghanjaoui Mohammed Aguedache Abdelkahhar El Krati Mohammed Tahiri Soufiane 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46778-46787
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this work is the study of the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Black 24 dye (AB24), in a continuous flow cascade reactor, using titanium... 相似文献
197.
Akhtar Javed Sana Ahmed Tauseef Syed Mohammed Chellaiah Gajendran Kaliyaperumal Parmeswari Sarkar Humayun Ayyamperumal Ramamoorthy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72332-72343
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resources are highly stressed due to their overuse, especially in the arid region. This study is aimed at discovering potential... 相似文献
198.
Jean Bogner Riitta Pipatti Seiji Hashimoto Cristobal Diaz Katarina Mareckova Luis Diaz Peter Kjeldsen Suvi Monni Andre Faaij Qingxian Gao Tianzhu Zhang Mohammed Abdelrafie Ahmed R T M Sutamihardja Robert Gregory 《Waste management & research》2008,26(1):11-32
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from post-consumer waste and wastewater are a small contributor (about 3%) to total global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Emissions for 2004-2005 totalled 1.4 Gt CO2-eq year(-1) relative to total emissions from all sectors of 49 Gt CO2-eq year(-1) [including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and F-gases normalized according to their 100-year global warming potentials (GWP)]. The CH4 from landfills and wastewater collectively accounted for about 90% of waste sector emissions, or about 18% of global anthropogenic methane emissions (which were about 14% of the global total in 2004). Wastewater N2O and CO2 from the incineration of waste containing fossil carbon (plastics; synthetic textiles) are minor sources. Due to the wide range of mature technologies that can mitigate GHG emissions from waste and provide public health, environmental protection, and sustainable development co-benefits, existing waste management practices can provide effective mitigation of GHG emissions from this sector. Current mitigation technologies include landfill gas recovery, improved landfill practices, and engineered wastewater management. In addition, significant GHG generation is avoided through controlled composting, state-of-the-art incineration, and expanded sanitation coverage. Reduced waste generation and the exploitation of energy from waste (landfill gas, incineration, anaerobic digester biogas) produce an indirect reduction of GHG emissions through the conservation of raw materials, improved energy and resource efficiency, and fossil fuel avoidance. Flexible strategies and financial incentives can expand waste management options to achieve GHG mitigation goals; local technology decisions are influenced by a variety of factors such as waste quantity and characteristics, cost and financing issues, infrastructure requirements including available land area, collection and transport considerations, and regulatory constraints. Existing studies on mitigation potentials and costs for the waste sector tend to focus on landfill CH4 as the baseline. The commercial recovery of landfill CH4 as a source of renewable energy has been practised at full scale since 1975 and currently exceeds 105 Mt CO2-eq year(-1). Although landfill CH4 emissions from developed countries have been largely stabilized, emissions from developing countries are increasing as more controlled (anaerobic) landfilling practices are implemented; these emissions could be reduced by accelerating the introduction of engineered gas recovery, increasing rates of waste minimization and recycling, and implementing alternative waste management strategies provided they are affordable, effective, and sustainable. Aided by Kyoto mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI), the total global economic mitigation potential for reducing waste sector emissions in 2030 is estimated to be > 1000 Mt CO2-eq (or 70% of estimated emissions) at costs below 100 US$ t(-1) CO2-eq year(-1). An estimated 20-30% of projected emissions for 2030 can be reduced at negative cost and 30-50% at costs < 20 US$ t(-) CO2-eq year(-1). As landfills produce CH4 for several decades, incineration and composting are complementary mitigation measures to landfill gas recovery in the short- to medium-term--at the present time, there are > 130 Mt waste year(-1) incinerated at more than 600 plants. Current uncertainties with respect to emissions and mitigation potentials could be reduced by more consistent national definitions, coordinated international data collection, standardized data analysis, field validation of models, and consistent application of life-cycle assessment tools inclusive of fossil fuel offsets. 相似文献
199.
Sodhi Amanpreet Kaur Bhanot Neeraj Singh Rajwinder Alkahtani Mohammed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):86092-86108
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cement is an essential material used in constructional activities. An emerging concern in the industry however is the CO2 emissions, which are... 相似文献
200.
Salami Babatunde Abiodun Oyehan Tajudeen A. Tanimu Abdulkadir Olabintan Abdullahi Biodun Ibrahim Mohammed Sanni-Anibire Muizz O. Nafiu Sodiq Adeyeye Arowojolu Olaniyi Saleh Tawfik A. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(3):1671-1694
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Lithium batteries are increasingly used to store energy, but are limited by high cost, safety concerns, leaking of electrolytes, and low capacity.... 相似文献