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排序方式: 共有774条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
Arjumand Riaz Sardar Khan Said Muhammad Caihong Liu Mohammad Tahir Shah Mohsin Tariq 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(2):625-635
This study investigates the mercury (Hg) contaminations in soil and foodstuffs along the artisanal gold mining areas, Gilgit-Baltistan Province, Pakistan. For this purpose, soils were analyzed for Hg concentrations and evaluated for the enrichment/contamination using enrichment factor or contamination factors (CF). The CF values ranged from 18.9 to 153 showed multifold higher levels of Hg contamination as compared to background or reference site. Foodstuffs including vegetables, seeds or grains and fish muscles showed Hg accumulation. Results revealed that Hg concentrations in foodstuffs were higher than the critical human health value set by European Union. The Hg in foodstuffs was consumed and, therefore, evaluated for the risk assessment indices using the daily intake (DI) and health risk index (HRI) for the exposed human population both children and adults. Results of this study revealed that cumulative HRI values through foodstuffs consumption were <1 (within safe limit), but if the current practices continued, then the Hg contamination could pose potential threat to exposed population in near future. 相似文献
112.
113.
Ali Shoaib Asem Elabasy Muhammad Waqas Lulu Lin Xinlai Cheng Qianqian Zhang 《毒物与环境化学》2018,100(1):80-91
The use of higher dosage and repeated applications of conventional pesticides have led to the rapid development of insect resistance to pesticide and adverse effects on human health and environment. Accordingly, researchers are prompted to identify an alternative entomotoxic agent for crop protection. Nanocides are being considered as alternatives to conventional insecticides because they are expected to lessen the application rate and reduce the chances of resistance development in pests. In this study, we evaluated the entomotoxic effects of nanosilica on larvae of Plutella xylostella, in a laboratory by using dust spray, larva dipping, leaf dipping, and solution spray methods. Dust treatment showed a more highly significant effect than the other three treatments. The mortality percentage increased up to 58% and 85% at 24 and 72 h after treatment, respectively, when nanosilica was applied at a rate of 1 mg cm?2. In all four bioassays, mortality rate increased with both increased time after nanosilica exposure and increased concentration. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed that larval death was due to desiccation, body wall abrasion, and spiracle blockage. These results suggested that nanosilica can be an alternative to conventional pesticides if dust formulation would be properly used. 相似文献
114.
S. M. Sharifuzzaman M. Shahadat Hossain Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury Subrata Sarker M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury M. Zahedur Rahman Chowdhury 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(6):1167-1176
Resilience has been conceptualized in various ways by anthropologists, ecologists, systems scientists and engineers; the boundaries of resilience are subjective and context dependent. Consequently, choosing the standards and metrics for assessing resilience remains key challenges for policy makers. In this study, using multicriteria evaluation of 40 basic criteria of human, physical, financial, natural and social assets, we have identified several elements, such as experienced fishermen, natural abundance of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), ability to assert decision on fish selling, nets and boats ownership, social harmony and capacity of buying food as essential livelihood assets for the fishermen at Hatiya Island, Bangladesh. These assets may enhance the relative resilience of the fishing community of the island to climate change by as much as 20–40%. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the elements that lead to resilience at the community level. 相似文献
115.
Arshi A Ahmad A Aref IM Iqbal M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(6):939-944
This study assesses the effect of NaCl (80 and 160 mM) and CaCl2 (10 mM) solutions, alone and in combination, to 30-day-old seedlings of Cichorium intybus L. Observations were made at 30 day intervals from the time of treatment till harvest (180 days after sowing). Application of NaCI resulted in significant decreases in lengths of root and stem, in dry weights of root, stem and leaves and in the leaf area, as compared with control. The reduction was less with the combined application of NaCI and CaCI2 than with the NaCI treatment alone. On the contrary treatment of CaCl2, alone promoted the above variables. Proline content in the leaves was enhanced with NaCl and CaCI, alone as well as with the NaCI + CaCI2 treatments; the maximum (six-fold) enhancement was observed with the combined treatments, compared with NaCl (four-fold increase) and CaCl2 (two-fold increase) alone. The sodium (Na+) and Chloride (CI) contents in different plant parts increased both with NaCI and with NaCI+ CaCI2 treatments. The maximum accumulation was observed in leaves, followed by that in stem and root. The potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) contents decreased under NaCl stress, but increased with CaCI2 treatment. Thus, calcium ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCI stress and stimulated the plant metabolism and growth. 相似文献
116.
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) rate of NO with N-containing reducing agents can be enhanced considerably by converting
part of NO into NO2. The enhanced reaction rate is more pronounced even at lower temperatures by using an equimolar mixture of NO and NO2 (fast SCR reaction). The oxidation characteristics of NO over catalyst Pt/TiO2 have been determined in a fixed bed reactor (8 mm-ID) with different concentrations of oxygen, nitric oxide and nitrogen
dioxide in the presence of 8% water. The conversion of NO to NO2 increases with increasing oxygen (O2) concentration from 3 to 12%, but it levels off at higher O2 concentrations. The NO conversion to NO2 decreases with increasing NO concentration and it also decreases by an addition of NO2 in the feed stream. Therefore, the oxidation of NO over Pt/TiO2 catalyst could be auto-inhibited by the reaction product of NO2. The effects of CO and SO2 on NO oxidation characteristics have also been determined. In fact, the presence of SO2 significantly suppresses oxidation of NO but due to the less stability of sulfate on anatase structure in TiO2, it becomes less significant. On the other hand, the presence of CO increases NO oxidation significantly due to the auto-inhibition
effect by CO. Moreover, the effect of SO2/CO on NO oxidation has also been determined and it was observed that NO oxidation decreases with the increase in SO2/CO ratio. 相似文献
117.
The ability of cadmium uptake by metal-resistant yeast, Candida tropicalis, from the liquid medium and wastewater was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cd2?+? against C. tropicalis was 2,500 mg L???1. The yeast also showed tolerance toward Zn2?+? (1,400 mg L???1), Ni2?+? (1,000 mg L???1), Hg2?+? (1,400 mg L???1), Cu2?+? (1,000 mg L???1), Cr6?+? (1,200 mg L???1), and Pb2?+? (1,000 mg L???1). The yeast isolate showed typical growth curves, but lag and log phases extended in the presence of cadmium. The yeast isolate showed optimum growth at 30°C and pH 8. The metal processing ability of the isolate was determined in a medium containing 100 mg L???1 of Cd2?+?. C. tropicalis could decline Cd2?+? 70%, 85%, and 92% from the medium after 48, 96, and 144 h, respectively. C. tropicalis was also able to remove Cd2?+? 40% and 78% from the wastewater after 6 and 12 days, respectively. Cd produced an increase in glutathione (GSH) and nonprotein thiol levels by 135% and 134% at 100-mg L???1 concentration, respectively. An increase in the synthesis of GSH is involved in metal tolerance, and the presence of increasing GSH concentrations may be a marker for high metal stress in C. tropicalis. C. tropicalis, which is resistant to heavy metal ions and is adaptable to the local environmental conditions, may be employed for metal detoxification operations. 相似文献
118.
Rashid Muhammad Khan Muhammad Naseem Jalbani Nusrat 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(1):44-52
Food and Environmental Virology - Drinking water supplies in the developing world often serve as a biosphere for various organisms. Viral gastroenteritis is a neglected area of research in... 相似文献
119.
Alnadari Fawze Bassey Anthony Pius Abdin Mohamed Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset Nasiru Mustapha Muhammad Dai Zhuqing Hu Yuhang Zeng Xiaoxiong 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(9):3582-3597
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan with gum Arabic (CG) based novel functional films containing Cinnamomum camphora seeds extract (CCSE) at varying... 相似文献
120.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The principle theme of this study is to introduce a novel countermeasure to reduce the energy of the overflowing floodwater by utilization of a water cushion. For... 相似文献