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171.
The actions of exogenous arachidonic acid on the performance of the isolated and perfused systemic heart of Octopus vulgaris (collected in the Bay of Naples in 1992), and the potential of this heart for eicosanoid synthesis are described. Arachidonic acid induces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. The positive inotropic effect is apparent only at the lowest concentration used (10–7
M) and in the paced heart preparations, in which a negative relationship between stroke volume and heart rate has been demonstrated. Using 10–5
M arachidonate, which induces the greatest chronotropic effect, a reduction of inotropism is evident which is due to the above negative relationship between stroke volume and heart rate. These effects are scarcely affected by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin (IM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), respectively. On the coronary system of this heart arachidonic acid displays a potent vasoconstrictory action (ca. 100 percent increase of coronary resistance). This effect is potentiated by IM and reduced by NDGA. 14C-arachidonate is metabolized by the octopus ventricle homogenate into the lipoxygenase products (assayed as hydroxy acids) more actively than into cyclooxygenase products (prostanoids: PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 and 6-keto-PGF1). On the other hand, the Ca-ionophore A23187 enhances the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites much more than of lipoxygenase metabolites. 相似文献
172.
Wenjing Lu Yawar Abbas Muhammad Farooq Mustafa Chao Pan Hongtao Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):30
173.
Daanish Mustafa Giovanna Gioli Manzoor Memon Meher Noshirwani Iffat Idris Nadeem Ahmed 《Disasters》2019,43(2):311-335
This paper reflects critically on the results of a vulnerability assessment process at the household and community scale using a quantitative vulnerabilities and capacities index. It validates a methodology for a social vulnerability assessment at the local scale in 62 villages across four agro‐ecological/livelihood zones in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The study finds that the move from vulnerability narratives to numbers improves the comparability and communicational strength of the concept. The depth and nuance of vulnerability, however, can be realised only by a return to narrative. Caution is needed, therefore: the index can be used in conjunction with qualitative assessments, but not instead of them. More substantively, the results show that vulnerability is more a function of historico‐political economic factors and cultural ethos than any biophysical changes wrought by climate. The emerging gendered vulnerability picture revealed extremes of poverty and a lack of capacity to cope with contemporary environmental and social stresses. 相似文献
174.
Duran M Suicmez M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(2):231-236
This study examines the applicability of five European biotic indices and the Gammarus:Asellus ratio (G:A), compared with the measurement of physicochemical parameters, in order to determine the water quality at ten sites along the Tokat part of Cekerek stream, in Anatolia, Turkey, during the period February 2002 to January 2003. The biological and chemical results are in good agreement with respect to the water quality. In particular, the G:A ratio was calculated to be high at the first three stations and this result was correlated with the ETBI and the Chandler scores. Consequently, the water quality of Cekerek stream was classified as class I for biological and physicochemical data, except for phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite at the last seven stations. The high concentrations of these chemicals probably result from agricultural runoff and urban sewage. In total, 55 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified from the Cekerek stream during this study period. 相似文献
175.
Osman Demir Mualla Yaçinkaya Mustafa Atasoy Temel Bayrak Camal Bryik 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(6):626-633
Regional land-use development projects are undertaken to protect water resources necessary for agriculture, energy and sustaining human life. The De?irmendere valley, in the province of Trabzon in the Black Sea region of Turkey, provides clean water to the city of Trabzon. The valley is part of the Silk Road from Asia to the Black Sea and contains historical monasteries such as Sumela, Kustul and Vazelon. However, over the years, misuse of the valley has caused freshwater, sea and environmental pollution. In an attempt to overcome these problems, a multilateral project, De?irmendere Vadisi Çevre Düzenlemesi (DEVAÇED), was launched in the region. This paper aims to provide information necessary for engineering projects within the region. Six villages, on both sides of the valley, were selected for this research and evaluated in terms of river basin utilization, topography, cadastral survey of property and ownership, and land readjustment improvements. The study found illegal and improper urbanization, including industrial facilities within the valley causing water pollution. Current cadastral base maps are not sufficiently accurate for engineering projects, and in some places buildings have been constructed on unstable soils that are susceptible to landslides. The research results have helped to generate important recommendations for rehabilitation of the river basin. 相似文献
176.
The article describes different steps and methodologies to create an alternative greenway with recreational, scenic, historical and cultural values in Hamsiköy-Zigana, part of Trabzon-Gümü?hane former state highway. As a first step, inventory studies and analyses were carried out to determine the cultural and natural values of the area. As the second step, area analyses studies were carried out. Depending on results of expert-based visual assessment and suitability analyses for determining the suitability of greenway planning in the study area; recreational, scenic, historical–cultural and multifunctional status of the greenway having all these three functions at the same time were mapped using suitability rank in GIS and the plan square technique. As a result, the plan squares having high suitability for the above functions were dense in the determined study, in terms of old highway and neighbourhood. In the whole area (4385.25 ha), 598.00 ha were ranked as good (A), 770.27 ha as medium (B) and 3016.98 ha as poor (C), in terms of suitability value. Seasonal assessments for recreation and scenery functions of A, B and C indicate that the area has opportunities for all seasons. As a third step, the results are discussed and some proposals suggested. 相似文献
177.
Celik K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):261-269
Regression and correlation analyses were used to predict responses of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll) (μg L−1) to nitrate (NO3) (mg L−1), phosphate (PO4) (mg L−1) and ammonium (NH4) (mg L−1) dynamics in the shallow hypertrophic Lake Manyas, Turkey. Nutrient concentrations showed a descending gradient with distance,
while chlorophyll concentrations showed an ascending gradient with the distance from the Sığırcı Inlet to the Karadere Outlet.
Higher nutrient concentrations did always not coincide with higher chlorophyll concentrations. The results showed that regression
models developed using seasonal data were more accurate in predicting chlorophyll concentrations than those developed using
the pooled data from whole year (based on R
2 and the difference between the measured and predicted values). The findings also revealed that within a single large shallow
lake, chlorophyll-nutrient relationships might show significant variations spatially. The objective of this study was to determine
the seasonal and spatial variations in the relationships between chlorophyll, nitrate, phosphate and ammonium in the shallow
hypertrophic Lake Manyas, Turkey. 相似文献
178.
Shahabuddin Memon Oguz Oguz Aydan Yilmaz Mustafa Tabakci Mustafa Yilmaz Şeref Ertul 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2001,9(2):97-101
Two new copolymers containing pendant calix[4]arene units with nitrile functionalities at their lower rim have been synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions involving 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(cyanomethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (3) or 25,27-bis(cyanometh oxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (4) with 1,5-dibromopentane and bisphenol-A. The phase transfer studies were performed by using liquid–liquid extraction procedures. It has been deduced from the observations that both copolymers show a good phase transfer affinity toward selected alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations, unlike their precursor (3). 相似文献
179.
Murat Budakoglu Muhittin Karaman Mustafa Kumral Bihter Zeytuncu Zeynep Doner Demet Kiran Yildirim Suat Taşdelen Ali Bülbül Lokman Gumus 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(3):169
The major and trace element component of 48 recent sediment samples in three distinct intervals (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) from Lake Ac?göl is described to present the current contamination levels and grift structure of detrital and evaporate mineral patterns of these sediments in this extreme saline environment. The spatial and vertical concentrations of major oxides were not uniform in the each subsurface interval. However, similar spatial distribution patterns were observed for some major element couples, due mainly to the detrital and evaporate origin of these elements. A sequential extraction procedure including five distinct steps was also performed to determine the different bonds of trace elements in the <?60-μ particulate size of recent sediments. Eleven trace elements (Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Al and Mn) in nine surface and subsurface sediment samples were analyzed with chemical partitioning procedures to determine the trace element percentage loads in these different sequential extraction phases. The obtained accuracy values via comparison of the bulk trace metal loads with the total loads of five extraction steps were satisfying for the Ni, Fe, Cd, Zn, and Co. While, bulk analysis results of the Cu, Ni, and V elements have good correlation with total organic matter, organic fraction of sequential extraction characterized by Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. Shallow Lake Ac?göl sediment is characteristic with two different redox layer a) oxic upper level sediments, where trace metals are mobilized, b) reduced subsurface level, where the trace metals are precipitated. 相似文献
180.
A study to assess the level of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) in edible marine biota collected from coastal waters of Malaysia was conducted using GC-MS and SPE extraction. An analytical method was developed and validated to measure the level of 15 OCPs and BPA simultaneously from five selected marine species. It was observed that some samples had low levels of p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT and p,p′- DDD ranging from 0.50 ng g−1 to 22.49 ng g−1 dry weight (d.w) but significantly elevated level of endosulfan I was detected in a stingray sample at 2880 ng g−1 d.w. BPA was detected in 31 out of 57 samples with concentration ranging from below quantification level (LOQ: 3 ng g−1) to 729 ng g−1 d.w. The presence of OCPs is most likely from past use although there is also indication of illegal use in recent times. The study also reveals that BPA is more widely distributed in coastal species caught off the coast of the most developed state. The potential health risk from dietary intakes of OCPs and BPA from the analysed fish species was negligible. 相似文献