我国煤矿生产与安全投入的计量分析

煤炭生产活动中既有市场产出又有安全输出,而煤炭生产和安全投入之间的关系反映了经济发展和职业安全之间的关系。在近二十年国内煤矿生产数据的基础上,分析煤炭生产和安全之间长期的相互作用关系,根据多元统计回归分析,建立了煤炭生产模型,并使用Eviews软件进行了脉冲曲线分析和方差分解分析。最后基于分析结果,对我国煤矿生产和安全投入现状提出了改进意见。     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

中空纤维膜萃取-液相色谱法测定印染废水中芳香胺

建立了一种中空纤维膜液相微萃取的样品前处理技术,结合液相色谱法测定印染废水中芳香胺,并且优化了萃取溶剂、供体相、接收相、搅拌速度、萃取时间等前处理条件.实验结果表明,以正辛醇为萃取溶剂,0.1 mol·L-1Na OH为供体相,0.1 mol·L-1HCl为接收相时,400 r·min-1作为搅拌速度,30 min萃取后的芳香胺富集倍数可达到101—193倍,萃取效率达20.2%—38.6%.结合液相色谱检测芳香胺的线性范围为0.01—0.25 mg·L-1,检出限为1.0—2.0μg·L-1,回收率为95.2%—105.2%.表明该方法可用于检测印染废水中的芳香胺类物质.     

Vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau in China

Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau were measured for the first time during a summertime aircraft campaign, 2013 in Shanxi, China. Data from four flights were analyzed. The vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties including aerosol scattering coefficients (σ_sc), absorption coefficients (σ_ab), Angström exponent (α), single scattering albedo (ω), backscattering ratio (β_sc), aerosol mass scattering proficiency (Q_sc) and aerosol surface scattering proficiency (Q_sc^′) were obtained. The mean statistical values of σ_sc were 77.45 Mm^− 1 (at 450 nm), 50.72 Mm^− 1 (at 550 nm), and 32.02 Mm^− 1 (at 700 nm). The mean value of σ_ab was 7.62 Mm^− 1 (at 550 nm). The mean values of α, β_sc and ω were 1.93, 0.15, and 0.91, respectively. Aerosol concentration decreased with altitude. Most effective diameters (ED) of aerosols were less than 0.8 μm. The vertical profiles of σ_sc,, α, β_sc, Q_sc and Q_sc^′ showed that the aerosol scattering properties at lower levels contributed the most to the total aerosol radiative forcing. Both α and β_sc had relatively large values, suggesting that most aerosols in the observational region were small particles. The mean values of σ_sc, α, β_sc, Q_sc, Q_sc^′, σ_ab and ω at different height ranges showed that most of the parameters decreased with altitude. The forty-eight hour backward trajectories of air masses during the observation days indicated that the majority of aerosols in the lower level contributed the most to the total aerosol loading, and most of these particles originated from local or regional pollution emissions.     

飞机QAR数据的空气污染物排放量计算研究

民用飞机发动机污染物排放量的准确计算是排放控制和环境影响评价的基础。文章采用机载QAR记录数据的飞行过程还原和污染物排放量计算方法,通过对QAR数据的内插均分计算、滤波处理和加权计算,得到比较准确的飞行记录数据,以还原飞行的具体情况;然后在ICAO基准排放指数基础上,给出基于温度、湿度、高度、表速和燃油流量等参数的修正方法,以得到实际的排放指数,最后再计算出各种污染物的排放量。基于建立的模型和航空公司QAR记录数据,用DELPHI编程计算了B737-700飞机执行"重庆—上海"航班的污染物排放量,并将计算结果与相同条件下的ICAO参考值进行对比,分析了各飞行阶段污染物排放量的变化情况。结果表明,计算方法准确,可作为飞机污染物排放控制和机场环境评估等研究的依据。     

中国地区多溴联苯醚在不同环境介质中的监测进展

多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)为一类新型的溴代阻燃剂,广泛应用于塑料制品、纺织品、电路板和建筑材料等领域。随着生产量和使用量的增加,PBDEs已造成全球环境污染,其带来的环境问题已引起各国关注。同时PBDEs的长距离迁移性和难降解性,使其在环境介质中进行富集,从而加重污染。归纳了中国地区PBDEs的监测进展,分别从大气、水体、沉积物和土壤中PBDEs的污染水平以及原因进行了分析和探讨。在此基础上,对于我国PBDEs的研究方向提出了展望。     

Assessment of Bisphenol A (BPA) neurotoxicity in vitro with mouse embryonic stem cells

The adverse effects of environmental pollution on our well-being have been intensively studied with many in vitro and in vivo systems. In our group, we focus on stem cell toxicology due to the multitude of embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties which can be exerted in toxicity assays. In fact, ESCs can differentiate in culture to mimic embryonic development in vivo, or specifically to virtually any kind of somatic cells. Here, we used the toxicant Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known as a hazard to infants and children, and showed that our stem cell toxicology system was able to efficiently recapitulate most of the toxic effects of BPA previously detected by in vitro system or animal tests. More precisely, we demonstrated that BPA affected the proper specification of germ layers during our in vitro mimicking of the embryonic development, as well as the establishment of neural ectoderm and neural progenitor cells.     

水污染源解析技术与应用研究进展

阐述了水污染源解析的概念,将水污染源解析方法归纳总结为基于污染负荷估算的方法、基于污染潜力指数的方法及基于源受体污染物特征的方法 3种类型,并分别概述了各种方法的特点,综述了国内外水污染源解析研究的类型与应用进展。最后指出了我国水污染源解析研究在基础资料、研究对象及方法上存在的问题,提出了未来的研究重点。