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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Jérémie Charles Grégorio Crini François Degiorgi Bertrand Sancey Nadia Morin-Crini Pierre-Marie Badot 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1099-1111
To document the toxicity of copper and nickel in binary mixtures, freshwater amphipods Gammarus pulex were exposed to the metals given independently or as mixtures. Toxicity to Cu alone was relatively high: 96-h LC10 and LC50 were found at 91 and 196 μg L?1, respectively. Toxicity to Ni alone was very low, with 96-h LC10 and LC50 of 44,900 and 79,200 μg L?1, respectively. Mixture toxicities were calculated from single toxicity data using conventional models. Modeled toxicity was then compared with the measured toxicity of the binary mixture. Two kinds of mixtures were tested. Type I mixtures were designed as combinations of Cu and Ni given at the same effect concentrations, when taken independently, to identify possible interactions between copper and nickel. In type II mixtures, Cu concentrations varied from 0 to 600 μg L?1 while the nickel concentration was kept constant at 500 μg L?1 to mimic conditions of industrial wastewater discharges. Ni and Cu showed synergic effects in type I mixtures while type II mixtures revealed antagonistic effects. Low doses of Ni reduced Cu toxicity towards G. pulex. These results show that even for simple binary mixtures of contaminants with known chemistry and toxicity, unexpected interactions between the contaminants may occur. This reduces the reliability of conventional additivity models. 相似文献
112.
Etongo Daniel Djenontin Ida Nadia S. Kanninen Markku Glover Edinam K. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(4):1141-1166
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Empirical ethnobotanical studies in Burkina Faso and the Sahel apply unmodified use-value methods, which often fail to capture uses of plants within... 相似文献
113.
Levels of dechlorane plus and polybrominated diphenylethers in human milk in two Canadian cities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Siddique S Xian Q Abdelouahab N Takser L Phillips SP Feng YL Wang B Zhu J 《Environment international》2012,39(1):50-55
Flame retardant dechlorane plus (DP) and several polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) congeners have been measured in 87 human milk samples collected in two Canadian cities: Kingston and Sherbrooke. The levels of PBDEs in human milk (mean (median), ng g− 1 lipid weight = 10 (5.9), 4.1 (2.8), 3.0 (1.6), 5.12 (1.6), and 15 (ND) for BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-209, respectively) were comparable to those reported in Europe, U.S.A. and China. The levels of DP, with a mean value of 0.98 ng g− 1 and a median value of 0.60 ng g− 1 (lipid weight), were two to ten times lower than those of concurrently measured major PBDEs including BDE-209. While there is little difference in the levels of measured contaminants in milk samples collected from the two cities, the contaminants levels in human milk show, indicated by Principal Components Analysis, that DP, deca-BDE, and penta-BDE come from three distinct sources. The mean and median isomer ratio values of DP in milk were 0.67 and 0.69, respectively, very similar to that of DP commercial products. 相似文献
114.
Bashir F Mahmooduzzafar Siddiqi TO Iqbal M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(1):94-100
Forty-five-day-old plants of Glycine max (soybean) were exposed to several Deltamethrin (synthetic pyrethroid insecticide) concentrations (0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) through foliar spray in the field conditions. In the treated plants, as observed at the pre-flowering (10 DAT), flowering (45 DAT) and post-flowering (70 DAT) stages, lipid peroxidation, proline content and total glutathione content increased, whereas the total ascorbate content decreased, as compared with the control. Among the enzymatic antioxidants, activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase increased significantly whereas that of catalase declined markedly in relation to increasing concentration of Deltamethrin applied. The changes observed were dose-dependent, showing a strong correlation with the degree of treatment. 相似文献
115.
This research proposes an integrated framework to investigate human-dominated systems and provide a basic approach to urban
and regional studies in which the multiple interactions between economic and ecological processes are considered as a whole.
Humans generate patterns of land use, infrastructures and other settings and redistribute ecosystem functions as flows of
energy and matter for self-maintenance. To understand these emerging interactions between humans and ecological processes,
human activities (e.g. transformation processes, land conversions, use of resources) and biophysical agents such as geomorphology,
climate and natural cycles need to be considered. Emergy Analysis (spelled with an “m”) is then used as an environmental accounting
method to evaluate different categories of resource use with reference to their environmental cost. A case study of the Province
of Cagliari (in the island of Sardinia, Italy) is reported and the procedure for allocating emergy flows, assigning them to
districts and managing point data is discussed. Outcomes plotted on a map showed non-homogeneous spatial distribution of emergy
flows throughout the region, suggesting the way ecosystem functions are affected and restructured by the human economy. 相似文献
116.
Fatima Zahra Ozi Nadia Boutaleb Meryem Hadidi Bouchaib Bahlaouan Mohamed Bennani Alla Silkina Said El Antri 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):123-134
This research work consists on valorizing poultry waste by biotransformation into biofertilizers, associating this agro-industrial waste with algae (abundant natural resources) and molasses (a by-product of the sugar refining industry) ensuring a good contribution of nutritional chemical elements and obtaining a balanced formulation. A total of seven different formulations of the above three components, were examined in a simplex centroid design. A fungal inoculum of Aspergillus niger was used as a fermentation agent for better quality of biotransformation. The monitoring of this biotransformation is ensured during 15 days by following the evolution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters and, to understand the bioconversion of the simple compounds of the biofertilizer mixture such as short aliphatic chains, sugar, and amino acids into soluble mineral compounds, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out before and after biotransformation. Finally, germination and fertilization tests were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the final product on a barley crop. The overall results of the present study showed that the mixture which contained 68.75% poultry waste, 12.5% molasses, and 18.75% algae presented the better microbiological and chemical safety criteria required for a good biofertilizer according to NF U44-551 standard. 相似文献
117.
Lichtfouse Eric Morin-Crini Nadia Fourmentin Marc Zemmouri Hassiba do Carmo Nascimento Inara Oliveira Queiroz Luciano Matos Tadza Mohd Yuhyi Mohd Picos-Corrales Lorenzo A. Pei Haiyan Wilson Lee D. Crini Grégorio 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(4):1603-1621
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Coagulation/flocculation is a major phenomenon occurring during industrial and municipal water treatment to remove suspended particles. Common coagulants are metal... 相似文献
118.
Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Latif Rahmat Ali Khan Akhlaq Ahmad Gustavo Thomé Maria R.C. Schetinger 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(8):1659-1665
The venom of krait (Bungarus sindanus), an Elapidae snake, contains high level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The effect of arachidonic acid on krait (Bungarus sindanus) venom AChE (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was studied using kinetic methods. This study evaluated for the first time whether arachidonic acid acts as potential AChE inhibitor of krait venom. Kinetic studies, using Line-Weaver Burk and Dixon plots, indicated that the inhibition produced by arachidonic acid was non-competitive, i.e., both km and V max fell with increase in the concentration of arachidonic acid. The concentration of arachidonic acid required to inhibit 50% of enzymatic activity was found to be 1.9?µM while the inhibitory constant (Ki ) was 1.4?µM. The present results suggest that essential fatty acid (arachidonic acid) may also be used as an inhibitor of snake venom AChE. 相似文献
119.
Nadia Marchettini Margherita Panzieri Valentina Niccolucci Simone Bastianoni Stefano Borsa 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(3):275-282
Increased awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the introduction of international standards like ISO 14001 stimulated development of environmental sustainability indicators as a means to measure systems environmental performance. Here, a thermodynamic approach, emergy analysis (Odum, 1988) was used to obtain sustainability indicators able to analyse and quantify the productive and ecological performance of four famous Italian wine productions: Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, Nobile di Montepulciano, and Barbera d'hti. The application to agricultural production was motivated by the growing need for productive and environmentally sound development in modern agriculture, in which the resource base, the environment, is preserved. The choice of wines, more precisely, grape production, is due to their importance for Italian agriculture and the economy. All the wines demonstrated a good long-term environmental sustainability, especially in view of their high quality and in comparison with the average Italian wine production. Emergy analysis proved a powerful tool for assessing environmental performance of these systems, and its use could easily be extended to other wine productions to obtain a form of environmental performance classification of this product. Systematic use of emergy analysis to assess environmental performance of different processes and products, not necessarily in agriculture, could be useful for environmental certification. 相似文献
120.
In many arid zones around the word, the vegetation spontaneously forms regular patterns to optimize the use of the scarce water resources. The patterns act as early warning signal that fragile ecosystems may suddenly undergo irreversible shifts, thus, interpreting the structural shape of vegetation patterns is crucial to deciphering the ecosystem history and its expected further development. The sudden and irreversible shift of delicate ecosystems as a consequence of minor variation of the climatic forcing has been studied extensively in the past. The attitude of the ecosystem to recover after a catastrophic event, such as fire, did not receive as much attention so far. Here we modelled fire, as a sudden shift of the ecosystem state variables and functionality and evaluated post-fire scenarios under the hypothesis that two major feedbacks shaped the vegetation patterns: a positive feedback between preferential infiltration and plant growth, and a second feedback between infiltration and vegetation burning. A simple model solving a set of partial differential equations for soil moisture, plant biomass, surface water and dead biomass balance predicted significantly diverse post-fire vegetation patterns depending on the fire severity and on the degree of soil water repellency induced by the vegetation burning. 相似文献