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101.
Toxicity identification evaluation of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills: a multispecies approach 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The toxicity of leachates from two municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in Southern Italy was characterized using a toxicity identification evaluation procedure. The chemical and physical fractionation techniques were: pH adjustment, pH adjustment/filtration, pH adjustment/C(18) solid phase extraction, graduated pH and EDTA chelation. All the samples exhibited acute toxicity towards the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the freshwater crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna. Statistical techniques were used to determine the discriminatory power and the toxicity detection capacity of the different assays and to choose a minimal battery of tests for the toxicity identification of leachates. Toxicity was closely associated with pH, generally increasing at higher pH levels and decliming at lower ones. Furthermore, results showed that toxicants could be characterized as cations, basic chemicals, suspended solids and apolar compounds. 相似文献
102.
This study was designed to assess toxic and genotoxic compounds in the urban air of Caserta, South Italy using cuttings from the plant Tradescantia #4430. In situ monitoring of gaseous pollutans was made at 17 sampling points in two seasons of the year. Genotoxicity was evaluated by recording the micronuclei in meiotic pollen mother cells (Trad-MCN assay). In addition, the passive sampler semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at the sampling points with a significant increase in micronuclei frequency. SPMDs concentrated priority organic pollutants were identified by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, while toxicity and mutagenesis were assessed on the bacterium Vibrio fischeri using the Microtox and Mutatox systems respectively. Significant toxic and mutagenic effects were observed at different points on the town grid and SPMDs effectively concentrated trace contaminants. The relationship between what was present in the air sampled by SPMDs and the micronuclei frequency was also explored. 相似文献
103.
This article examines and discusses problems faced by proposals to increase participation by members of the public in the public debate process related to environmental policies. The analysis is based on an examination of the processes followed to develop several public meetings, which were ostensibly aimed at democratizing the process of implementing hydroelectric installations in the Madeira River in the Brazilian Amazon at the beginning of the twenty‐first century. The analysis concluded that the invitation to the public to participate in discussions regarding the construction of the dams was a mere formality. Not only did members of the public not have access to information that could have helped them understand the real social and environmental impacts of this large‐scale economic development project, but the public was restricted from interfering in its construction. As a consequence, the region is today dealing with a number of difficulties which could have been avoided if the voice of the community had been heard in the public meetings. 相似文献
104.
Fernández-Guisuraga José Manuel Castro Amaya Alves Célia Calvo Ana Alonso-Blanco Elisabeth Blanco-Alegre Carlos Rocha Alfredo Fraile Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(17):17171-17182
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study provides an analysis of the spatial distribution and trends of NO, NO2 and O3 concentrations in Portugal between 1995 and 2010.... 相似文献
105.
Michael Kundi Alfredo Parrella Margherita Lavorgna Emma Criscuolo Chiara Russo Marina Isidori 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14771-14779
The combined genotoxic effects of four anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], cisplatin [CDDP], etoposide [ET], and imatinib mesylate [IM]) were studied testing their binary mixtures in two crustaceans that are part of the freshwater food chain, namely Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Genotoxicity was assessed using the in vivo comet assay. Assessment was based on two distinct effect sizes determined from dose-response experiments. Doses for single and combined exposures expected to result in these effect sizes were computed based on Bliss independence as reference model. Statistical comparison by analysis of variance of single and combined toxicities allowed accepting or rejecting the independency hypothesis. The results obtained for D. magna showed independent action for all mixtures except for IM+5-FU that showed an antagonistic interaction. In C. dubia, most mixtures had antagonist interactions except IM+5-FU and IM+CDDP that showed Bliss independence. Despite the antagonistic interactions, our results demonstrated that combinations of anticancer drugs could be of environmental concern because effects occur at very low concentrations that are in the range of concentrations encountered in aquatic systems. 相似文献
106.
Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi Luis Alfredo Ortega-Clemente Jesús David Moha-León Elvira Ríos-Leal Sergio Curiel-Ramírez Gutiérrez Isidoro Rubio-Franchini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(2):103-106
This study assesses the growth of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata in the presence of lindane and the ability of N. oculata to remove lindane from media. Algal biomass increased with 0.1 and 0.5 mg L?1 of lindane, and lindane concentrations in the media decreased. N. oculata removed 73% and 68.2% of lindane in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg L?1 media concentrations, respectively. Algal biomass decreased to the level of the control at lindane concentrations greater than 2.5 mg L?1, probably due to toxicity. N. oculata removed lindane from the media at concentrations lower than 1.0 mg L?1. Thus, N. oculata may be useful for lindane bioremediation in contaminated aquatic systems. 相似文献
107.
Pharmaceutical compounds are considered the new environmental pollutants but at present few studies have evaluated their ecotoxicity on aquatic invertebrates. This study was aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of four common drugs, namely atenolol (ATL), carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and gemfibrozil (GEM), on three different cell typologies from the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): haemocytes, gill and digestive gland cells. Results obtained by the Trypan blue exclusion test revealed that exposure to increasing concentrations (0.001; 0.01; 0.1; 1 and 10 mg L−1) of CBZ, DCF and GEM were able to significantly decrease the viability of each cell type, while the MTT (3(4,5-dimethyl-2thiazholyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) reduction assay highlighted only a slight reduction of mitochondrial activity of gill and digestive gland cells. Overall, DCF was the most cytotoxic drug for zebra mussel cells, followed by GEM, CBZ, while ATL has not a noteworthy toxic potential. Our preliminary results lay the groundwork for further in vitro evaluations, which will allow a better definition of the potential toxicity of these drugs. 相似文献
108.
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Physicochemical Parameters in the Water of the Reconquista River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Castañé PM Rovedatti MG Topalián ML Salibián A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):135-144
The Reconquista river is one of the most polluted watercourses in Argentina. More than 3 million people and over 10,000 industries
are settled on its basin. The available data show that pollution is mainly related to the discharge of domestic and industrial
liquid wastes that are poured into the river almost untreated. At present no site of the river can be characterized as free
of pollutants. Samples were taken monthly from 5 sites of the river; some 18–20 physicochemical parameters were determined
in each sample. Analyses revealed significant differences in the degree of deterioration between sites. Two of them, close
to the source of the river (Cascallares-S1 and Paso del Rey-S2) resulted less polluted than the two points located close to the mouth of the river (San Martin-S4 and Bancalari-S5). The worsening of the water quality in S4–S5 was attributed to the discharges of the Moron stream, a tributary that flows into the main course of the river a complex
mixture of non treated waste waters. PCA was used in the ordination of samples (sites, season and physicochemical parameters).
In the PCA performed using all variables, the first principal component showed positive correlation with N-NH4
+, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD5, COD and alkalinity, and negative correlation with DO. The second principal component was positively correlated with pH,
temperature and chlorophyll a and negatively with phenols and hardness. In respect to the spatial distribution, the plot of the scores for the first two
components of samples taken in each sampling station showed S1 and S2 values displayed farthest at the left side of the X axis with high DO. In contrast, S4 and S5 values stayed at the right side of this axis with high N-NH4
+, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD5, COD and alkalinity; data of S3 were “intermediate". In order to identify seasonal trends in the concentration of contaminants scores of cases labeled by
season were plotted. The line drawn on the ordination plane showed that summer samples tended to converge to the upper right
portion of the graph where pollution variables had more importance on the first axis, and along the second axis with high
correlation with pH, temperature and chlorophyll a. Winter scores were settled in the left lower part of the plot with minor contribution of pollution parameters and more importance
of DO on the first axis. Samples of autumn and spring did not fit a clear cut pattern.
Deceased 相似文献
109.
Sebastián Serna-Loaiza Alfredo Martínez Yuri Pisarenko Carlos Ariel Cardona-Alzate 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35949-35959
During last decades, there has been a growing interest of decreasing the environmental impact generated by humans. This situation has been approached from different perspectives being the integral use of raw materials as one of the best alternatives. It was estimated that 3.7?×?109 tonnes of agricultural residues are produced annually worldwide. Then, the integral use of feedstocks has been studied through the biorefinery concept. A biorefinery can be a promissory option for processing feedstocks in rural zones aiming to boost the techno-economic and social growth. However, many plants produced at small scale in rural zones without high industrial use contribute with residues usually not studied as raw materials for other processes. Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a plant grown extensively in tropical regions. Nigeria, China, and Ghana are the main producers with 1.3, 1.18, and 0.9 million tonnes/year, respectively. In Colombia, there are no technified crops, but it is used where it is grown mainly as animal feed. This plant consists of leaves, stem, and a tuber but the use is generally limited to the leaves, discarding the other parts. These discarded parts have great potential (lignocellulose and starch). This work proposes different processing schemes using the parts of the plant to obtain value-added products, and their techno-economic and environmental assessment. The simulation was performed with Aspen Plus and the economic package was used for the economic assessment. For the environmental assessment, Waste Algorithm Reduction of the U.S. EPA was implemented. The obtained results showed that the integral use of plants under a biorefinery scheme allows obtaining better techno-economic and environmental performance and that small-scale biorefineries can be a promissory option for boosting rural zones. 相似文献
110.
Parolini M Binelli A Marin MG Matozzo V Masiero L Provini A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2001-2015
This study presents the first evaluation of the current pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) of surface sediments
from the Lagoon of Venice. We focused the research on tri-to hepta-BDEs, the main components of penta- and octa-mixtures,
which are considered to be the most toxic for the biocoenosis. The results pointed out a quite homogeneous contamination of
this keystone European transitional environment, with ∑ 13PBDEs values ra nging from 0.39 to 6.78 ng/g dry weight; these values reflect low to moderate pollution levels, which is in
conformity to other coastal European ecosystems. The average PBDE profile of the lagoon sediments follows this decreasing
trend of congeners: BDE-47>BDE-99> >BDE-190>BDE-28>BDE-153>BDE-154>BDE-138, BDE-183, and BDE-17, which is similar to the worldwide
distribution pattern. BDE-47 and BDE-99 revealed a recent use of a penta-BDE mixture, while the presence of hepta-BDEs (BDE-183
and BDE-190) in all of the sites can indicate the actual use of a deca-BDE formulation, because these congeners are considered
to be debrominated byproducts of BDE-209 degradation. 相似文献