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排序方式: 共有248条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
191.
Monti Flavio Bianchi Nicola Sforzi Andrea Leonzio Claudio Ancora Stefania 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10236-10248
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to its peculiarity to accumulate environmental contaminants, the osprey Pandion haliaetus is a sentinel species for the biomonitoring of... 相似文献
192.
The effects of grapemarc distillery effluents on the quality of soil organic matter is extremely important to ensure the environmentally-safe
and agronomically efficient use of these materials as organic amendment. In this work, the effects of the application of untreated
(UG) and anaerobically digested grapemarc distillery effluents, either added with (AGM) or without mycorrhiza (AG), on soil
humic acid (HA) were investigated in field plot experiments in comparison to HAs from a control soil and an inorganic fertilized
soil. The humic acid-like fractions (HALs) isolated from UG, AG and soils were characterized for compositional, structural
and functional properties by the use of elemental and functional group analysis, and ultraviolet/visible, Fourier transform
infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies. Results obtained indicated that anaerobic digestion of effluents produced an extended
mineralization with loss of organic C and stabilization of residual organic matter by increasing the content of HALs in the
effluent. With respect to control soil HA, HALs isolated from UG and AG were characterized by smaller acidic functional group
contents, a prevalent aliphatic character and smaller aromatic polycondensation and humification degrees. The chemical and
spectroscopic characteristics of native soil HA were not substantially modified by application of UG, AG and AGM to soil,
which suggests the occurred incorporation of the effluent HAL into native soil HA. In conclusion, these results showed the
possibility of a beneficial and safe recycling of grapemarc distillery effluents as soil amendment. 相似文献
193.
TEQ(S) and body burden for PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in human adipose tissue 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
La Rocca C Alivernini S Badiali M Cornoldi A Iacovella N Silvestroni L Spera G Turrio-Baldassarri L 《Chemosphere》2008,73(1):92-96
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), mono-ortho and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin-like PCBs) were determined in samples of human fat tissue from nine Italian obese patients. The toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values ranged from 9 to 25pgTEQg(-1) lipid (WHO-TEF values, 2005 [Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L.S., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., Fiedler, H., Hakansson, H., Hanberg, A., Haws, L., Rose, M., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tohyama, C., Tritscher, A., Tuomisto, J., Tysklind, M., Walker, N., Peterson, R.E., 2006. The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian Toxic Equivalency Factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol. Sci. 93, 223-241]), the contribution of dioxin-like PCBs was more than 30% of the total TEQ values. The obese body burdens varied from 6 to 11ngTEQkg(-1) body weight (BW), exceeding the estimated steady-state body burden 5ngTEQkg(-1) BW, based on lipid adjusted serum concentrations from several populations in the mid-1990s, calculated in the risk assessment US EPA document. 相似文献
194.
Nicola J. van Wilgen Núria Roura-Pascual David M. Richardson 《Environmental management》2009,44(3):590-607
Assessing climatic suitability provides a good preliminary estimate of the invasive potential of a species to inform risk
assessment. We examined two approaches for bioclimatic modeling for 67 reptile and amphibian species introduced to California
and Florida. First, we modeled the worldwide distribution of the biomes found in the introduced range to highlight similar
areas worldwide from which invaders might arise. Second, we modeled potentially suitable environments for species based on
climatic factors in their native ranges, using three sources of distribution data. Performance of the three datasets and both
approaches were compared for each species. Climate match was positively correlated with species establishment success (maximum
predicted suitability in the introduced range was more strongly correlated with establishment success than mean suitability).
Data assembled from the Global Amphibian Assessment through NatureServe provided the most accurate models for amphibians,
while ecoregion data compiled by the World Wide Fund for Nature yielded models which described reptile climatic suitability
better than available point-locality data. We present three methods of assigning a climate-match score for use in risk assessment
using both the mean and maximum climatic suitabilities. Managers may choose to use different methods depending on the stringency
of the assessment and the available data, facilitating higher resolution and accuracy for herpetofaunal risk assessment. Climate-matching
has inherent limitations and other factors pertaining to ecological interactions and life-history traits must also be considered
for thorough risk assessment.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
195.
Darcian preferential water flow and solute transport through bimodal porous systems: Experiments and modelling 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Antonio Coppola Vincenzo Comegna Angelo Basile Nicola Lamaddalena Gerardo Severino 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,104(1-4):74
Soils often exhibit a variety of small-scale heterogeneities such as inter-aggregate pores and voids which partition flow into separate regions. In this paper a methodological approach is discussed for characterizing the hydrological behaviour of a heterogeneous clayey–sandy soil in the presence of structural inter-aggregate pores. For the clay soil examined, it was demonstrated that, coupling the transfer function approach for analyzing BTCs and water retention data obtained with different methods from laboratory studies captures the bimodal geometry of the porous system along with the related existence of fast and slow flow paths. To be effectively and reliably applied this approach requires that the predominant effects of the soil hydrological behaviour near saturation be supported by accurate experimental data of both breakthrough curves (BTCs) and hydraulic functions for high water content values. This would allow the separation of flow phases and hence accurate identification of the processes and related parameters. 相似文献
196.
197.
Matthew F. Child S. A. Jeanetta Selier Frans G. T. Radloff W. Andrew Taylor Michael Hoffmann Lizanne Nel R. John Power Coral Birss Nicola C. Okes Michael J. Peel David Mallon Harriet Davies-Mostert 《Conservation biology》2019,33(5):1106-1119
As landscapes continue to fall under human influence through habitat loss and fragmentation, fencing is increasingly being used to mitigate anthropogenic threats and enhance the commercial value of wildlife. Subsequent intensification of management potentially erodes wildness by disembodying populations from landscape-level processes, thereby disconnecting species from natural selection. Tools are needed to measure the degree to which populations of large vertebrate species in formally protected and privately owned wildlife areas are self-sustaining and free to adapt. We devised a framework to measure such wildness based on 6 attributes relating to the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of vertebrates (space, disease and parasite resistance, exposure to predation, exposure to limitations and fluctuations of food and water supply, and reproduction). For each attribute, we set empirical, species-specific thresholds between 5 wildness states based on quantifiable management interventions. We analysed data from 205 private wildlife properties with management objectives spanning ecotourism to consumptive utilization to test the framework on 6 herbivore species representing a range of conservation statuses and commercial values. Wildness scores among species differed significantly, and the proportion of populations identified as wild ranged from 12% to 84%, which indicates the tool detected site-scale differences both among populations of different species and populations of the same species under different management regimes. By quantifying wildness, this framework provides practitioners with standardized measurement units that link biodiversity with the sustainable use of wildlife. Applications include informing species management plans at local scales; standardizing the inclusion of managed populations in red-list assessments; and providing a platform for certification and regulation of wildlife-based economies. Applying this framework may help embed wildness as a normative value in policy and mitigate the shifting baseline of what it means to truly conserve a species. 相似文献
198.
Nicola Ulibarri 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(4):617-634
While collaborative governance has many benefits for environmental planning and management, those benefits are not politically feasible if they impact on process efficiency. This study assesses collaboration's effect on the duration of water permitting processes, specifically the United States’ Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's hydropower relicensing process. Collaboration was measured using a survey of participants in 24 recent hydropower relicensing processes. A Cox proportional hazards model with mixed effects assessed the relationship between collaboration, regulatory framework, hydropower facility characteristics, and relicensing process duration. Collaboration was not associated with time to license. Instead, process duration depended on the regulatory framework (especially the switch to the Integrated Licensing Process and presence of endangered species) and facility characteristics (generating capacity and facility type). The results suggest that agencies should consider engaging collaboratively during planning and permitting, given that collaboration's benefits to decision quality do not incur a cost on overall process time. 相似文献
199.
David H. Williamson Eduardo T. da Silva Daniela M. Ceccarelli Nicola K. Browne Caroline Petus Michelle J. Devlin 《Conservation biology》2016,30(1):142-153
Near‐shore marine environments are increasingly subjected to reduced water quality, and their ability to withstand it is critical to their persistence. The potential role marine reserves may play in mitigating the effects of reduced water quality has received little attention. We investigated the spatial and temporal variability in live coral and macro‐algal cover and water quality during moderate and major flooding events of the Fitzroy River within the Keppel Bay region of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from 2007 to 2013. We used 7 years of remote sensing data on water quality and data from long‐term monitoring of coral reefs to quantify exposure of coral reefs to flood plumes. We used a distance linear model to partition the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors, including zoning, as drivers of the observed changes in coral and macro‐algae cover. Moderate flood plumes from 2007 to 2009 did not affect coral cover on reefs in the Keppel Islands, suggesting the reef has intrinsic resistance against short‐term exposure to reduced water quality. However, from 2009 to 2013, live coral cover declined by ~50% following several weeks of exposure to turbid, low salinity water from major flood plume events in 2011 and subsequent moderate events in 2012 and 2013. Although the flooding events in 2012 and 2013 were smaller than the flooding events between 2007 to 2009, the ability of the reefs to withstand these moderate floods was lost, as evidenced by a ~20% decline in coral cover between 2011 to 2013. Although zoning (no‐take reserve or fished) was identified a significant driver of coral cover, we recorded consistently lower coral cover on reserve reefs than on fished reefs throughout the study period and significantly lower cover in 2011. Our findings suggest that even reefs with an inherent resistance to reduced water quality are not able to withstand repeated disturbance events. The limitations of reserves in mitigating the effects of reduced water quality on near‐shore coral reefs underscores the importance of integrated management approaches that combine effective land‐based management with networks of no‐take reserves. 相似文献
200.
Nicola A. Clark Mark Williams Daniel J. Hill Patrick G. Quilty John L. Smellie Jan Zalasiewicz Melanie J. Leng Michael A. Ellis 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(8):699-722
We evaluate the available palaeontological and geochemical proxy data from bivalves, bryozoans, silicoflagellates, diatoms and cetaceans for sea surface temperature (SST) regimes around the nearshore Antarctic coast during the late Neogene. These fossils can be found in a number of shallow marine sedimentary settings from three regions of the Antarctic continent, the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the Prydz Bay region and the western Ross Sea. Many of the proxies suggest maximum spring–summer SSTs that are warmer than present by up to 5 °C, which would result in reduced seasonal sea ice. The evidence suggests that the summers on the Antarctic shelf during the late Neogene experienced most of the warming, while winter SSTs were little changed from present. Feedbacks from changes in summer sea ice cover may have driven much of the late Neogene ocean warming seen in stratigraphic records. Synthesized late Neogene and earliest Quaternary Antarctic shelf proxy data are compared to the multi-model SST estimates of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Experiment 2. Despite the fragmentary geographical and temporal context for the SST data, comparisons between the SST warming in each of the three regions represented in the marine palaeontological record of the Antarctic shelf and the PlioMIP climate simulations show a good concordance. 相似文献