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211.
212.
根据各地区生物质燃料消耗状况和SO2、NOx排放因子,估算了20世纪90年代中国生物质能源利用过程中的SO2、NOx排放量,并给出了分省区,分生物质燃料类型的排放清单,研究表明,中国生物质燃料消耗及其排放的SO2,NOx量分别从1991年的38.1万t和54.9万下降为1999年的33.2万t和45.3万t,在地区,燃料类型上分布不平衡;SO2和NOx排放量均较大的包括山东,江苏、河北,内蒙古,湖北等,其中,内蒙古SO2排放量最大而山东省NOx排放量最 ;秸杆是SO2和NOx排放的最主要来源,薪柴次之;牲畜粪便对SO2贡献率接近30%,而对NOx贡献率仅3%-4%。 相似文献
213.
为了探索水体中Cr(VI)对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应,通过Cr(VI)的暴露(15 d)和清水恢复实验(15 d),研究了Cr(VI)对脊尾白虾肝胰脏的SOD活性、MDA及MTs含量的影响。结果表明,通过15 d的暴露,5 mg·L-1(高浓度)、0.5 mg·L-1(低浓度)实验组肝胰脏的SOD均显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,两个浓度实验组均能够恢复到对照组水平(p0.05)。MDA在暴露阶段呈现持续上升的趋势,且在15 d后两个浓度实验组MDA的含量均显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,5 mg·L-1实验组的MDA含量依然显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),0.5mg·L-1实验组的MDA含量基本恢复到对照组水平(p0.05)。通过15 d的暴露,两个浓度实验组MTs的含量均显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,两个浓度实验组MTs的含量均能够恢复到对照组水平(p0.05)。 相似文献
214.
新型低温CuO/AC脱硫剂制备——煅烧温度对脱硫活性的影响 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
首次将炭载型CuO/AC用于烟气脱硫,在最经济的烟气脱硫温度窗口(120~250℃)显示出高的脱硫活性.考查了煅烧温度和煅烧后脱硫剂的预氧化对脱硫活性的影响,并对脱硫剂进行了TPD和EXAFS表征.结果表明:经250℃煅烧的CuO/AC脱硫剂具有最高的脱硫活性.200℃煅烧,前驱体Cu(NO3)2未完全分解;高于250℃煅烧,活性组分CuO被载体C部分还原为金属Cu 微晶,从而发生烧结、聚集,以上均导致脱硫剂活性的下降.尽管不同温度煅烧的CuO/AC表现出大的脱硫活性差异,但吸硫后均生成同一反应产物CuSO4.250℃煅烧的CuO/AC脱硫剂Cu 以CuO和Cu2O形态存在,其中的Cu2O在200℃很容易氧化成CuO 相似文献
215.
Junming Guo Shichang Kang Jie Huang Mika Sillanpää Hewen Niu Xuejun Sun Yuanqing He Shijing Wang Lekhendra Tripathee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(2):18-28
In order to investigate the compositions and wet deposition fluxes of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the precipitation of the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, 38 precipitation samples were collected from March to August in 2012 in an urban site of Lijiang city in the Mt. Yulong region. The concentrations of most trace elements and REEs were higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, indicating that the lower concentrations of trace elements and REEs observed during monsoon had been influenced by the dilution effect of increased precipitation. The concentrations of trace elements in the precipitation of Lijiang city were slightly higher than those observed in remote sites of the Tibetan Plateau but much lower than those observed in the metropolises of China, indicating that the atmospheric environment of Lijiang city was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions, and, as a consequence, the air quality was still relatively good. However, the results of enrichment factor and principal component analysis revealed that some anthropogenic activities (e.g., the increasing traffic emissions from the rapid development of tourism) were most likely important contributors to trace elements, while the regional/local crustal sources rather than anthropogenic activities were the predominant contributors to the REEs in the wet deposition of Lijiang city. Our study was relevant not only for assessing the current status of the atmospheric environment in the Mt. Yulong region, but also for specific management actions to be implemented for the control of atmospheric inputs and the health of the environment for the future. 相似文献
216.
含氮杂环化合物吡啶缺氧降解过程中硝酸还原酶活性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在实验室中,采用摇床试验,在保证缺氧的条件下。研究了含氮杂环化合物吡啶缺氧反硝化降解过程中,硝酸还原酶的适宜作用条件、吡啶降解过程中硝酸还原酶活性变化情况及吡啶和硝态氮等的降解情况。结果表明,C/N对吡啶缺氧反硝化降解具有重要意义,pH和温度均对硝黧还原酶活性具有一定影响。硝酸还原酶的适宜作用条件为:温度25—30℃,pH7.5。吡啶降解过程中,硝酸还原酶活性由低到高逐渐提高,最后达到一个相对稳定的数值。在适宜的碳氮比条件下,吡啶起始浓度越高,硝酸还原酶最后稳定活性越高。 相似文献
217.
报道了久效磷对3种海洋微藻细胞内2种清除活性氧的关键性酶———超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果显示:1在久效磷的胁迫下,扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势,而叉鞭金藻细胞的SOD活性时而上升,时而下降,在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化.2随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长,3种微藻细胞的过氧化物酶活性均逐渐下降,表现出相同的变化规律性.这说明不同的藻种,久效磷对其细胞内酶活性的影响不尽相同.推测超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的降低是微藻细胞内过量产生活性氧,进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一. 相似文献
218.
Bin Han Yating Liu Yan You Jia Xu Jian Zhou Jiefeng Zhang Can Niu Nan Zhang Fei He Xiao Ding Zhipeng Bai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(20):20194-20204
Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by the lack of environmental exposure data among different subpopulations. To assess the exposure cancer risk of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution for the elderly, this study conducted a personal exposure measurement campaign for particulate PAHs in a community of Tianjin, a city in northern China. Personal exposure samples were collected from the elderly in non-heating (August–September, 2009) and heating periods (November–December, 2009), and 12 PAHs individuals were analyzed for risk estimation. Questionnaire and time-activity log were also recorded for each person. The probabilistic risk assessment model was integrated with Toxic Equivalent Factors (TEFs). Considering that the estimation of the applied dose for a given air pollutant is dependent on the inhalation rate, the inhalation rate from both EPA exposure factor book was applied to calculate the carcinogenic risk in this study. Monte Carlo simulation was used as a probabilistic risk assessment model, and risk simulation results indicated that the inhalation-ILCR values for both male and female subjects followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 4.81?×?10?6 and 4.57?×?10?6, respectively. Furthermore, the 95 % probability lung cancer risks were greater than the USEPA acceptable level of 10?6 for both men and women through the inhalation route, revealing that exposure to PAHs posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk for the elderly in this study. As a result, some measures should be taken to reduce PAHs pollution and the exposure level to decrease the cancer risk for the general population, especially for the elderly. 相似文献
219.
Zhi-Guang Niu Shi-Ying Xu Qing-Chao Gong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10349-10360
In order to evaluate the potential adverse health effects of odor emissions from wastewater pump stations (WWPSs) to human, a health risk assessment was performed to study the odors emitted from an urban WWPS in a residential area, Tianjin (in North China). First, 15 types of volatile organic compounds in the WWPS were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Next, Monte Carlo probabilistic modeling was applied to evaluate the potential health effects of four odors (chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide), which had higher concentrations. The results revealed that the 95th percentile of the total non-carcinogenic risk was approximately 1.73, which poses a threat to human health. In addition, hydrogen sulfide had the highest non-carcinogenic risk value of the four; the hazard quotient of hydrogen sulfide was estimated to be 1.60 at the 95th percentile, higher than the upper confidence limit (1.0). The 95th percentile of the carcinogenic risk was approximately 5.47E-08, much lower than the maximum acceptable level (1.0E-06). Finally, the influence of the input variables on the output was evaluated using sensitivity analysis, and contaminant concentration, reference concentration, and inhalation unit risk were the most influential variables. 相似文献
220.
关于灾害系统的若干问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文简述了灾害系统的某些基本概念,提出了灾害学系统划分的基本原则,讨论了灾害系统的一些重要特征。指出灾害系统是一个非常复杂的大系统,它不仅是一个随着时间演化的开放系统,而且具有非线性、不确知性、不确定性和社会性。灾害系统的分析、综合和广义模型化是当前的重要课题。 相似文献