BOD微生物传感检测仪中高效微生物膜的研究

为了制备高效微生物膜,从污水中筛选菌种（QT2061）,经BIOLOG鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。并以聚乙烯醇为包埋剂制作BOD生物传感器微生物膜,通过对国家标准样品及几种典型水样的检测,结果表明,该微生物传感器的响应时间为8 min,可连续稳定测试10 d以上;对国家标准溶液的测试结果准确度较高,相对误差≤5%;对实验中几种水样均有响应,测试结果与5日法的测试结果有良好的相关性（相对偏差≤5%）。     

己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究

在湍球塔设备上进行了己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究,考察了2种添加剂对脱硫过程的强化和缓冲作用,分析计算了2种添加剂对石灰石的利用率。实验结果表明,2种添加剂可以在较低浆液pH下维持较高脱硫率,并且2种添加剂均促进了CaCO₃的溶解,在相同条件下己二酸钠有更好的脱硫效果,而己二酸有更好的缓冲作用,且己二酸促进CaCO₃溶解的效果更显著。     

Sources and pathways of Sr in the North Atlantic–Arctic region: present day and global warming

The spatial and temporal distributions of the anthropogenic radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr, originating from nuclear bomb testing, the Sellafield reprocessing plant in the Irish Sea (UK), and from the Ob and Yenisey river discharges to the Arctic Ocean, have been simulated using the global version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The physical model is forced with daily atmospheric re-analysis fields for the period of 1948–1999. Comparison of the temporal evolution of the observed and the simulated concentrations of ⁹⁰Sr has been performed in the Kara Sea. The relative contributions of the different sources on the temporal and spatial distributions of the surface ⁹⁰Sr are quantified over the simulated period. It follows that the Ob river discharge dominated the surface ⁹⁰Sr over most of the Arctic Ocean and along the eastern and western coasts of Greenland before 1960. During the period of 1980–1990, the atmospheric fallout and the Ob river discharge were equally important for the ⁹⁰Sr distribution in the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to explore the possible dispersion of accidental released ⁹⁰Sr from the Ob and Yenisey rivers under a global warming scenario (2 × CO₂). The difference between the present-day and the global warming scenario runs indicates that more of the released ⁹⁰Sr from the Ob and Yenisey rivers is confined to the Arctic Ocean in the global warming run, particularly in the near coastal, non-European part of the Arctic Ocean.     

Bioaugmentation of a 4-chloronitrobenzene contaminated soil with Pseudomonas putida ZWL73

The strain Pseudomonas putida ZWL73, which metabolizes 4-chloronitrobenzene (4CNB) by a partial-reductive pathway, was inoculated into lab-scale 4CNB-contaminated soil for bioaugmentation purposes in this study. The degradation of 4CNB was clearly stimulated, as indicated with the gradual accumulation of ammonium and chloride. Simultaneously, the diversity and quantity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria decreased due to 4CNB contamination, while the quantity of 4CNB-resistant bacteria increased. During the bioaugmentation, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed the changes of diversity in dominant populations of intrinsic soil microbiota. The results showed that Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were not distinctly affected, but Actinobacteria were apparently stimulated. In addition, an interesting dynamic within Acidobacteria was observed, as well as an influence on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population. These combined findings demonstrate that the removal of 4CNB in soils by inoculating strain ZWL73 is feasible, and that specific populations in soils rapidly changed in response to 4CNB contamination and subsequent bioaugmentation.     

活性红BF-3BN脱色菌群的构建及特性研究

采用梯度压力式驯化法,从河南某印染厂的活性污泥中富集筛选一组活性红BF-3BN高效脱色菌群AR1。经菌株分离和16S rDNA测序分析,确定菌群内微生物分别归属Clostridium sp.、Pseudomonas sp.和Shewtnella sp.等3个属。染料脱色实验结果表明,在活性红BF-3BN起始浓度为200...     

Mg-Al水滑石对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的脱色性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成出一系列镁铝摩尔比不同的碳酸根型水滑石（LDHs）,经500℃高温煅烧制备出镁铝复合氧化物CLDH,并用X-射线、红外光谱对它们进行表征。考查了吸附剂投加量、反应时间、初始pH值等因素对LDHs和CLDH处理阴离子染料活性艳红X-3B模拟废水效果的影响,并对吸附机理进行探讨。实验结果表明：以镁铝摩尔比为3∶1时制得的水滑石对活性艳红X-3B溶液的脱色效果最好。水滑石LDHs及其焙烧产物CLDH对活性艳红X-3B染料均具有较好的吸附性能,最佳反应时间分别为60 min和30 min;在较宽的pH范围内二者的脱色性能稳定,且CLDH对该染料的吸附效果要优于LDHs。LDHs及CLDH对活性艳红X-3B的吸附结果符合Langmuir吸附等温式,25℃下饱和吸附量分别为263.77 mg/g和875.23 mg/g。LDHs及CLDH的吸附机理分别为离子交换和层状结构重建。饱和吸附后的CLDH用高温热解法再生,吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降。     

Quantification of net carbon flux from plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation: a full carbon cycle analysis

Plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) has played a vital role in increasing incomes of farmers and expanded dramatically in last several decades. However, carbon budget after conversion from conventional vegetable cultivation (CVC) to PGVC has been poorly quantified. A full carbon cycle analysis was used to estimate the net carbon flux from PGVC systems based on the combination of data from both field observations and literatures. Carbon fixation was evaluated at two pre-selected locations in China. Results suggest that: (1) the carbon sink of PGVC is 1.21 and 1.23 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for temperate and subtropical area, respectively; (2) the conversion from CVC to PGVC could substantially enhance carbon sink potential by 8.6 times in the temperate area and by 1.3 times in the subtropical area; (3) the expansion of PGVC usage could enhance the potential carbon sink of arable land in China overall.     

Photolysis of Enrofloxacin in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, mechanism and toxicity of photolysis products

Photolysis of Enro in water was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation using a Xenon lamp. The results showed that Enro photolysis followed apparent first-order kinetics. Increasing Enro concentration from 5.0 to 40.0 mg L⁻¹ led to the decrease of the photolysis rate constant from 1.6 × 10⁻² to 3.0 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Compared with the acidic and basic conditions, the photolysis rate was faster at neutral condition. Both of nitrate and humic acid can markedly decrease the photolysis rate of Enro because they can competitively absorb photons with Enro. The electron spin resonance and reactive oxygen species scavenging experiments indicated that Enro underwent self-sensitized photooxidation via OH and ¹O₂. After irradiation for 90 min, only 13.1% reduction of TOC occurred in spite of fast photolysis of 58.9% of Enro, indicating that Enro was transformed into intermediates without complete mineralization. The photolysis of Enro involved three main pathways: decarboxylation, defluorination, and piperazinyl N⁴-dealkylation. The bioluminescence inhibition rate using Vibrio fischeri increased to 67.2% at 60 min and then decreased to 56.9% at 90 min, indicative of the generation of some more toxic intermediates than Enro and then the degradation of the intermediates. The results will help us understand fundamental mechanisms of Enro photolysis and provide insight into the potential fate and transformation of Enro in surface waters.     

Assessing the phytotoxicity of different particle-size aged refuse using Zea mays L. bioassay

With increasing attention paid to the recycling use of aged refuse as vegetated soil, it is important to check its possible polluting risk and probe the tolerance of plant system to its stress. For this reason, several physiological responses in Zea mays L. (maize) to the leaching samples of aged refuse in different particle-size (900-300, 300-150, 150-105, 105-90, and 90-0 microm) were investigated in the present study, including growth, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results indicate that the aged refuse affected the growth of maize seedlings, and elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in leaf tissues in a time-dependent manner, accompanying by the changes of antioxidant status. Also, above physiological responses varied as a function of particle-size distribution of the aged refuse, and statistical growth inhibition and oxidative stress occurred after the exposure of smaller particle-size samples, which contained higher level trace metals, the characteristic pollutants in the aged refuse. The results implicate that aged refuse might cause environmental stress on plant system, but the polluting risk mainly resulted from smaller particle-size samples. Therefore, the critical point of utilizing aged refuse as vegetated soil focused on analyzing its particle-size distribution, and screening out appropriate particle-size samples.     

Release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Yangtze River sediment cores during periods of simulated resuspension

The role of resuspension duration on release of 16 PAHs was measured experimentally using a particle entrainment simulator (PES). Three sediment cores were resuspended for 12h at 0.2 and 0.5N m(-2). PAHs in water column and total suspended solids (TSS) were monitored at intervals. After 0.25h of resuspension, PAH release was on average 42% of their concentrations after 12h of resuspension, indicating fast release of PAHs from sediments in an initial short time. Moreover, PAHs released faster at 0.5N m(-2) than at 0.2N m(-2); low molecular weight PAHs (2-3-ring) released faster than median molecular weight (4-ring) PAHs. PAH concentrations in TSS showed generally increase with time and differences in magnitudes based on sediment type and energy. Overall, the composition of sediments is the major factor in determining the amount of released PAHs, more so than the level of resuspension energy applied.