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91.
The assessment of the relationship between various waterscapes and outdoor activities: Edirne,Turkey
Çiğdem Sakıcı 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3725-3741
The environment is very important in terms of the behaviours and actions of human beings, and activity–environment correlation is used frequently in outdoor arrangements. The environment must meet the requirements and expectations of society. Outdoor activities are the activities that contribute to the well-being of human beings in physical (heartbeat, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) (Ulrich, Journal of Environmental Psychology 11:210–230, 1991), psychological (fear, anxiety, depression, loneliness, stress, etc.) (Marcus and Barnes 1999) and behavioural (insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, passivity, etc.) (Ulrich 1999) terms. It is known that human beings are affected significantly by the environments they are in, and more importantly, it is known that the environment they are in affects their happiness status. The causes of this effect are the features and appearances of the spatial elements and components that mainly make up such environments. One of the elements that is used frequently in landscape is water. If one examines designed or natural open spaces, it may be observed that water has very distinctive features. Dynamic (in the form of a leak, with intense flow rate, cascade, foamy, squirting, jet, graded, etc.) and still water elements may be used with sculptures, plants, rocks and elevations (on land). This study aims to reveal which age groups of students enjoy the different types of activities with regards to water features and emotional associations that motion and characteristics of water bring out in human beings and also to reveal the water preferences of human beings, including their reasons for such preference. Thus, 20 different water compositions located in Edirne Province were selected, and in 2-min camera reels, the students of various age groups assessed water with various characteristic features via a survey. As a result, it was revealed that human beings from various age groups wish to perform different activities with water elements having distinctive characteristic features, and the types of water elements that are subject to various age groups’ like and dislike were determined. Kruskal–Wallis test was used during testing the effect of age differences. Chi-square analysis was used in order to examine the effect of age differences on preferences with regards to the activities that shall be performed at locations that include utilization of various water elements. The results reveal that while the use of water should be allowed in landscaping, selections regarding the elements of these water features should be made based on the type of activity and the age group of users in relation to the location. 相似文献
92.
Oliveira M Delgado L Ribeiro H Abreu I 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(5):1187-1194
Fungal spores are a significant fraction of the atmospheric bioparticles (bioaerosols) and many species are capable of inducing the production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), aggravating the clinical symptoms of allergic respiratory diseases in sensitized individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution of potentially allergenic Pleosporales spores in two locations with different urbanization indexes, characterizing its seasonal pattern. The seasonal distribution of several spore types belonging to the Pleosporales (Alternaria, Drechslera, Epicoccum, Paraphaeosphaeria, Pithomyces, Pleospora and Stemphylium) in Amares (rural area) and Porto (urban area) was continually studied from January 2005 to December of 2007, using Hirst-type volumetric spore traps. Alternaria was the most abundant fungal spore type found in the atmosphere of Amares and Porto. This fungal type, together with Drechslera, Epicoccum, Pithomyces and Stemphylium, was mainly present during summer. Nevertheless, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora and Venturia spores were detected during winter and spring, while Paraphaeosphaeria spores were also observed during summer and autumn. These different seasonal patterns were responsible for the expansion of the exposure period for the Alt a 1 allergen. The concentration of the studied spore types was higher in the rural area than in the urban one, with exception for Pleospora and Drechslera. According to the correlations with meteorological factors, the selected fungal spores can be divided into two groups: (i) Alternaria, Drechslera, Epicoccum, Pithomyces and Stemphylium presented positive correlations with temperature and negative correlations with relative humidity and rainfall; (ii) Leptosphaeria, Paraphaeosphaeria, Pleospora and Venturia presented a contrary behavior. Usually, the occurrence of the Alt a 1 allergen has been associated with the presence of airborne Alternaria spores; the present work follows the seasonal distribution of other fungal spore species known to contain this molecule. The widespread occurrence of Alt a 1 plays an important role in the incidence and aggravation of allergic disorders. 相似文献
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96.
Mehmet Sinan Bilgili Gamze Varank Elif Sekman Selin Top Didem Özçimen Remziye Yazıcı 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2012,17(3):289-300
Since phenols and phenolic compounds in many industrial wastewaters are toxic organic contaminants for humans and aquatic
life, to remove these compounds via the most efficient way is very important for environmental remediation treatment. In this
context, almost all of the isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson, Sips, and Khan) for adsorption
in the literature were applied to explain the adsorption mechanism of 4-chlorophenol on activated carbon in this study. Also
theoretical modeling data were obtained using model equations; interpolation and analysis of variance were made to compare
data by using statistics software. In addition, the thermodynamic and kinetic studies for adsorption mechanism were included
in the article. The adsorption of 4-chlorophenol on activated carbon fits well to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model than
the pseudo-second-order, intraparticular diffusion and Bangham models. It is also indicated that 4-chlorophenol adsorption
by granular activated carbon would be attributed to a type of transition between physical and chemical adsorption rather than
a pure physical or chemical adsorption process. As a result, an environmental remediation problem and the adsorption mechanism
on activated carbon that can be regarded as a solution to this problem are described and explained using the mathematical
models and calculations in this study. 相似文献
97.
According to Directive 2008/50/EC, all equipment used for NO(x) fixed measurements must comply with the reference method or equivalent by 11 June 2013. Up to that date, non-type-approved equipment can continue to be used in air monitoring networks and will probably also be used in air pollution studies even after that date. In this context, it is advisable to know how these "old" measuring instruments respond to the requirements of European Standard EN 14211: 2005: Ambient Air Quality--Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide by chemiluminescence. In this work, we carry out a thorough performance evaluation of two commercial NO(x) analysers, both purchased before 2010, according to the mentioned Standard. Results show that water vapour interference is one of the most important disconformities with this Standard. The expanded uncertainty estimation of both analysers was below the quality objective of the above-mentioned Directive (15%); however, this calculation was performed by applying some modifications to the proposed model of Standard EN 14211. These modifications are also discussed in the paper. 相似文献
98.
When agricultural lands are no longer used for agriculture and allowed to recover its natural vegetation, soil organic carbon
can accumulate in the soil. Measurements of soil organic carbon and aggregate stability changes under various forms of land
use are needed for the development of sustainable systems. Therefore, comparison of soil samples taken from both agricultural
and nearby area close to land-mined fields where no agricultural practices have been done since 1956 can be a good approach
to evaluate the effects of tillage and agriculture on soil quality. The objective of this study was to compare tillage, cropping
and no tillage effects on some soil-quality parameters. Four different locations along the Turkey–Syria border were selected
to determine effects of tillage and cropping on soil quality. Each location was evaluated separately because of different
soil type and treatments. Comparisons were made between non-tilled and non-cropped fallow since 1956 and adjacent restricted
lands that were tilled about every 2 years but not planted (T) or adjacent lands tilled and planted with wheat and lentil
(P). Three samples were taken from the depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm each site. Soil organic carbon (SOC), pH ,electrical conductivity,
water soluble Ca++, Mg++, CO3-2{\rm CO}_{3}^{-2} and HCO3-{\rm HCO}_{3}^{-}, extractable potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), soil texture, ammonium (NH4+{\rm NH}_{4}^{+}–N) and nitrate (NO3–N), extractable phosphorous and soil aggregate stability were determined. While the SOC contents of continuous tillage without
cropping and continuous tillage and cropping were 2.2 and 11.6 g kg−1, respectively, it was 30 g kg−1 in non-tilled and non-planted site. Tillage of soil without the input of any plant material resulted in loss of carbon from
the soil in all sites. Soil extractable NO3−N contents of non-tilled and non-cropped sites were greatest among all treatments. Agricultural practices increased phosphorus
and potassium contents in the soil profile. P2O5 contents of planted soils were approximately 20 to 39 times greater than those of non-tilled and non-cropped soils at different
sites. FTIR spectra showed that never tilled sites had greater phenol, carboxylic acid, amide, aromatic compounds, polysaccharide
and carbohydrates than other treatments. 相似文献
99.
Ümit H. Kaynar Seda Çınar Sermin Çam Kaynar Mehmet Ayvacıklı Tülin Aydemir 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(6):2300-2310
Nano-ZnO-chitosan bio-composite beads were prepared for the sorption of \({\text{UO}}_{2}^{{2+}}\) from aqueous media. The resulting nano-ZnO/CTS bio-composite beads were characterized by TEM, XRD etc. The sorption of \({\text{UO}}_{2}^{{2+}}\) by bio-composite beads was optimized using RSM. The correlation between four variables was modelled and studied. According to RSM data, correlation coefficients (R2?=?0.99) and probability F-values (F?=?2.24?×?10??10) show that the model fits the experimental data well. Adsorption capacity for nano-ZnO/CTS bio-composite beads was obtained at 148.7 mg/g under optimum conditions. The results indicate that nano-ZnO/CTS bio-composite beads are appropriate for the adsorption of \({\text{UO}}_{2}^{{2+}}\) ions from aqueous media. Also, the suitability of adsorption values to adsorption isotherms was researched and thermodynamic data were calculated. 相似文献
100.
Buse Tuğba Zaman Emine Gülhan Bakırdere Nursu Aylin Kasa Serenay Deniz Sabriye Sel Dotse Selali Chormey Sezgin Bakırdere 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(7):437
This study describes the determination of trace levels of copper by slotted quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometry after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. A ligand synthesized from the reaction of salicylaldehyde and 1-naphthylamine was used to form coordinate copper complex prior to extraction. All parameters that influence the output of complex formation, extraction, and instrumental measurement were optimized to enhance the absorbance signal of copper. Under the optimum conditions, about 104-fold enhancement in sensitivity was recorded over the conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometer, corresponding to a 0.51 ng/mL detection limit. The percent relative standard deviation calculated for the lowest concentration (4.8%) indicated high precision for the experimental procedure. Accuracy and applicability of the optimum method were determined by performing spiked recovery tests on urine, lake water, and mineral water samples. Satisfactory recovery results were obtained between 82.2 and 106.3% at four different concentrations. Matrix matching method was also performed to increase the accuracy of quantification, and the percent recovery calculated for 175 ng/mL was 105.14%. 相似文献