不同季节生态型大白菜光合作用对夏季高温强光的响应

分别以春季品种强势、夏季品种夏珍白1号和秋季品种鲁白8号大白菜（Brassica campestrisL.ssp.Pekinesis(Lour)Olsson）为试材，研究了不同季节生态型大白菜在莲座末期或结球初期，叶片光合作用对夏季高温、强光胁迫的响应。结果表明，不同季节生态型大白菜在高温、强光下的光合特性存在明显差异，夏珍白1号的光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）的极值明显高于强势和鲁白8号，光合“午休“现象较轻；中午12：00时光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率（Fv/Fm）夏珍白1号、强势较高，鲁白8号较低；室内人工控制高温、强光下，夏珍白1号的光合速率较高，鲁白8号较低；利用直线方程求得大白菜的温度补偿点为55℃左右，品种略有差异，夏珍白1号（56.97℃）高于强势（54.81℃）和鲁白8号（54.40℃）。图5参13。     

关中地区秋冬季颗粒物二次有机碳的估算

2017年9月4日~2018年1月19日期间分别在关中地区的5个主要城市西安（XA）,渭南（WN）,铜川（TCH）,宝鸡（BJ）,咸阳（XY）设置采样点进行PM_2.5,PM₁₀颗粒物手工采样观测,采用热光透射法（TOT）分析碳组分,最小值法估算二次有机碳（SOC）浓度,结果显示PM_2.5与PM₁₀中SOC平均浓度分别为（7.44±5.54）,（9.62±7.49）μg/m³,一次有机碳（POC）平均浓度分别为（7.04±2.59）,（9.33±4.33）μg/m³,不同粒径颗粒物中SOC各点位的浓度值分布表现基本相同为XY > XA > WN > BJ > TCH.PM_2.5中SOC含量为8.76%,OC占比为48.03%,PM₁₀含量为6.28%,OC占比为48.09%,季节分布均呈现为秋季低冬季高,关中地区SOC污染严重.后向轨迹聚类分析结果显示污染气团传输主要是关中地区局部污染和西北,东北方向传输,其中局部污染轨迹的数量占比较多,浓度较高.低空传输与近地面风向风速及污染物分布存在差异,结合关中地区盆地地形,静风频率高,边界层低等多种因素造成颗粒物中SOC浓度较高,其中BJ点位易受到东北气团的污染物传输累积.     

辽东半岛东岸泥质区有机物分布特征及其环境指示意义

为研究人类活动及鸭绿江陆源输入对河口海岸及陆架泥质区沉积环境的影响,本文通过对2017年于辽东半岛泥质区东部采集的Q02柱与西部Q04柱进行210Pb定年、粒度、总有机碳、总有机氮、δ13C同位素等指标综合分析,利用Meyers研究模型结合C/N值及δ13C同位素含量分析不同物源有机质贡献率。结果表明:（1）两根柱样TOC与TN含量近百年来逐渐升高,C/N值在9~11之间为海陆混合来源。沉积物主要以粉砂及粘土为主,粉砂含量最高,粘土次之,砂含量较少。（2）有机碳来源占比均呈陆源降低海源升高的特点,分别反映了泥质区东部与西部不同主导因素对海域环境的影响。东部沉积环境主要受流域环境变化与海域共同作用,垦荒、自然灾害、日俄战争等事件造成了植被覆盖降低,水库建设减少了陆源有机碳输入;西部沉积环境主要受沿岸人类活动、水体富营养化的影响,"弛禁"政策导致植被覆盖被破坏,港口修建、水产养殖等活动造成水体营养物质增多,引起海洋环境恶化。     

Herbicide activity of monosulfuron and its mode of action

Monosulfuron was developed for weed control in the field of wheat( Triticum, aestivum L.) and millet( Panicum miliaceum L.)with the application rate ranging from 15 to 60 g ai/hm^2 . Herbicidal.activity of monosulfuron was evaluated systematically by bioassay using maize( Zea mays L. ) taproot as indicator and weed fresh weight of Acalypha australis L. and Echinochloa phyllopogon. Maize CAU 3138 was the most tolerant cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 (concentration of .50% inhibition) of 8.5μg/kg, Yedan 13 was one of the most sensitive cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 of 6.4 μg/kg. Monosulfuron inhibited the growth of Acalypha australis L. strongly comparing with that of Echinochloa phyllopogon. Monosulfuron was a good acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitor in vitro, the 150 (50% of inhibition) of monosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, tdbenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron for CAU 3138 were 32, 2, 19 and 26 nmol/L respectively, for Yedan 13 the /50 were 1.5, 3, 17 and 6.5 nmol/L respectively. In vivo ALS inhibition occurred only in higher concentration of 4 sulfonylurea herbicide tested. Comparison study of this test indicated that the mode of action of monosulfuron was the same as that of other sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron, they were all inhibitors targeted at the ALS.     

发展绿色食品的若干问题建议和对策

分析了我国食品污染的现状和发展绿色食品的重要性,提出了我国绿色食品发展的对策和措施。     

焚烧飞灰协同去除垃圾渗滤液纳滤膜浓缩液中CODCr的特性研究

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的环境无害化处置已成为目前行业和政府管理部门亟待解决的难题.遵循“以废治废”的研究思路,利用填料柱开展了生活垃圾焚烧飞灰去除NF（纳滤）膜浓缩液中COD_Cr的特性研究,重点研究了不同淋滤速率（40、60、80 mL/h）、填料层厚度（5、15、25 cm）条件下NF膜浓缩液中COD_Cr随淋滤时间的去除效果.结果表明:NF膜浓缩液中COD_Cr的去除主要依靠飞灰的吸附、化学沉淀以及截留作用;淋滤速率对NF膜浓缩液中COD_Cr的去除效果影响很小,COD_Cr去除率随填料层厚度增加而增大;当填料层厚度为15 cm、淋滤速率为60 mL/h时,飞灰对垃圾渗滤液纳滤膜浓缩液中COD_Cr的去除效果总体达到最佳,且相应灰渣的含盐量以及Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr的浸出毒性均显著降低.研究显示,最佳条件下飞灰对NF膜浓缩液COD_Cr去除率可达40%以上.      

Quantitative PCR Detection and Characterisation of Human Adenovirus,Rotavirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Discharged Effluents of Two Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The occurrence of enteric viruses in reclaimed wastewater, their removal by efficient treatment processes and the public health hazards associated with their release into the environments are of great significance in environmental microbiology. In this study, TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the prevalence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus (RV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, over a twelve-month sampling period. The correlation between the concentrations of viruses in the effluents samples and faecal coliform (FC) densities were assessed as to validate the use of FC as microbiological indicator in water quality assessment. HAdV was detected in 62.5 % (30/48) of the samples with concentrations ranging between 8.4 × 10¹ and 1.0 × 10⁵ genome copies/L while HAV and RV were only detected at concentrations below the set detection limits. FCs densities ranged from 1 to 2.7 × 10⁴ CFU/100 ml. Adenovirus species HAdV-B (serotype 2) and HAdV-F (serotype 41) were detected in 86.7 % (26/30) and 6.7 % (2/30) of the HAdV-positive samples, respectively. No consistent seasonal trend was observed in HAdV concentrations, however, increased concentrations of HAdV were generally observed in the winter months. Also, there was no correlation between the occurrence of HAdV and FC at both the treatment plants. The persistent occurrence of HAdV in the discharged treated effluents points to the potential public health risk through the release of HAdV into the receiving watersheds, and the possibility of their transmission to human population.     

吐鲁番空气中总悬浮颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物的相关性

于2009年对吐鲁番市大气中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)监测结果进行了统计分析并讨论。     

挥发性脂肪酸的滴定测量方法进展

测定挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acid,VFA)浓度的方法包括:蒸馏法、比色法、气相色谱法以及各种滴定法。就常规监测和控制而言,滴定法在简洁、省时和成效比方面要优越于其它测试方法。滴定法测定VFA主要包括四点滴定法、五点滴定法和八点滴定法。这些方法主要应用于厌氧反应器中高浓度VFA的测定,但随着活性污泥数学模型的应用,城市污水中低浓度VFA的测量越加重要,是模型应用不可缺少的条件。文章具体介绍了上述三种滴定方法的基本原理、优缺点和应用情况,为适用于城市污水中VFA测量提供参考。