苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1520中SigL及其增强子结合蛋白的结构与功能分析

为揭示SigL及其增强子结合蛋白(EBPs)在苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bt)中的调控功能,在全基因组测序的基础上,采用生物信息学方法,对YBT-1520菌株的SigL及其EBPs的结构和功能进行深入分析.结果表明,YBT-1520基因组中存在1个SigL和6个EBPs,而且EBPs在结构上具有丰富的多样性,包含了EBPs的所有可能的结构域组织类型.SigL所调控的基因涉及11个假定的COG代谢途径,其中包括能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、翻译与细胞周期等.根据EBPs在基因组的位置推测,YBT-1520的EBPs参与γ-氨基丁酸代谢途径、精氨酸代谢途径、支链脂肪酸降解途径、多糖分解代谢等代谢途径的调控.本研究将为揭示Bt杀虫晶体蛋白大量表达的调控机制提供新的思路.     

紫云英对污染土壤上叶菜生长及其镉和铅含量的影响

为降低城郊菜地土壤叶菜可食部分Cd、Pb含量,通过3茬盆栽试验研究了紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)绿肥对重金属污染菜地上的叶菜生长、叶菜镉铅含量及土壤Cd、Pb活性形态(土壤溶液中Cd、Pb浓度及DTPA浸提态)的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,紫云英显著提高了供试生菜和苋菜的地上部生物量;但对DTPA-Cd和DTPA-Pb没有显著影响,对土壤溶液Cd、Pb浓度影响较小,没有显著影响供试生菜和苋菜地上部Cd、Pb含量.因而紫云英可以施用到供试菜地土壤上以提高叶菜产量,且不会提高叶菜Cd、Pb的食物链风险.     

农业气候资源变化对双季稻生产的可能影响分析

基于长江中游地区50 个气象台站自1960 年以来的历年地面气象观测资料,分1960-2009 及1960-1984、1985-2009 年3 个不同时间段,分温度生长期、早稻生长期、晚稻生长期分别分析了热量、光照、降水等农业的变化特征,并讨论对双季稻生产的可能影响。1960-2009年,该地区温度生长期平均气温、平均日最低气温、平均日最高气温的平均增速分别为0.08 ℃/10 a、0.09 ℃/10 a、0.07 ℃/10 a,≥10 ℃活动积温的平均增速为66.3 ℃/10 a,日照时数的平均减速为31.7 h/10 a,降水量的平均增速为3.7 mm/10 a。表现为温度上升、积温增加、温度生长期延长、日照时数减少、降水量微弱增加的变化特征。温度升高、积温增加可能导致发育速度加快、生育期缩短、病虫害加重,日照时数减少可能影响叶片光合及产量。早稻生长期的平均气温、≥10 ℃活动积温的增速分别为0.20 ℃/10 a、48.9 ℃/10 a,晚稻生长期分别为0.09 ℃/10 a、14.6 ℃/10 a,早稻和晚稻生长期间日照时数的下降速率分别为18.6 h/10 a、42.7 h/10 a,降水量的增加速率分别为1.9 mm/10 a、8.7 mm/10 a,表现为升温速率早稻大于晚稻,日照时数下降速率晚稻大于早稻,降水量增加速率晚稻大于早稻。早稻期间升温和积温增加明显可能有利于早稻提前播种、选用生育期稍长的品种、提高产量潜力和产量,晚稻期间升温不明显且日照时数下降则可能不利于群体光合和产量形成,影响其产量潜力和产量。区域中的江汉平原、洞庭湖平原等基础条件好的地区,其热量、日照、降水同步增加,其他地区则表现为热量、降水增加,但日照时数下降,要充分发挥其基础条件好与气候资源丰富且同步增加等优势,发展高效规模化生产,增强稻谷生产能力。     

Trends in the management of waste tyres and recent experimental approaches in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from rubber crumbs

The health and environmental consciousness of waste tires has increased tremendously over the years. This has motivated efforts to develop secondary applications that will utilize tire when they reach the end of their life cycle and limit their disposal in landfills. Among the applications of waste tires which are discussed in this review, the use of rubber crumbs in artificial turf fields has gained worldwide attention and is increasing annually. However, there are serious concerns regarding chemicals that are used in the manufacturing process of tires, which ultimately end up in rubber crumbs. Chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals which are found in rubber crumbs have been identified as harmful to human health and the environment. This review paper is intended to highlight some of the methods which have been used to manage waste tire; it also looks at chemicals/materials used in tire compounding which are identified as possible carcinogenic.

     

Matlab在危险气体扩散模拟分析中的应用

利用Matlab程序,并选取适当的气体扩散模型,对危险气体的扩散进行模拟和分析,不仅可以快速精确完成复杂的计算和分析, 输出对应数据图形,使得安全工作者直观和便捷地熟悉事故情况,及时作出决策,采取应急方案.通过对危险气体泄漏后的浓度计算和浓度等高线模拟等,迅速地判断事故周边区域的安全状态,等浓度曲线反映出了影响气体扩散浓度与大气稳定度和风速的关系.     

Water quality assessment: surface water sources used for drinking and irrigation in Zaria,Nigeria are a public health hazard

We assessed the quality and pollution status of source surface waters in Zaria, Nigeria by monitoring the nature, cause and extent of pollution in Samaru stream, Kubanni River and Kubanni dam over a period of 10 months, between March and December 2002. A total of 228 water samples was collected from 12 sites and analysed for a total of ten physicochemical and one bacteriological quality indicators, using standard methods. Aesthetic water quality impairment parameters were also observed. The mean values of most water quality parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the stream and river than in the dam. There was no significant correlation between faecal coliform counts (FCC) and water temperature (in the range 15–33°C); pH (5.77–7.32); and turbidity (1.4–567 NTU). The high FCC ranged from 2.0 × 10¹ to 1.6 × 10⁶ MPN/100 ml and exceeded the WHO standards for drinking water and water used for fresh-produce irrigation, and correlated positively (P < 0.05) with conductivity (in the range 68–1,029 μS/cm); TDS (10.0–70.0 mg/l); TSS (10.0–70.0 mg/l); Cl (7.5–181 mg/l); PO₄⁻P (0.01–0.41 mg/l); NO₃⁻N (0.6–3.8 mg/l) and BOD₅ (0.1–14.9 mg/l). The main pollution sources were municipal wastewater, stormwater runoffs, the ABU sewage treatment plant, abattoir effluents and irrigation farms treated with chemical fertilisers. We conclude that these water bodies are potentially hazardous to public health and that proper sewage treatment and river quality monitoring are needed to warn against hazards to public health.     

Heavy metals pollution in a sewage treatment oxidation pond and the receiving stream of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria

This work centered on a 1-year evaluation campaign of point source pollution from a sewage treatment oxidation pond and its receiving stream. Water samples were collected from the sewage treatment oxidation pond and the receiving stream during July 2002 and June 2003. Concentrations of heavy metals were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a triple acid digestion of samples using open beaker method. Generally, the results showed high levels of toxic metals such as Cd, Pb, As, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, and Fe in the influent and effluent samples as well as in the receiving stream. The annual mean concentration of metals in the sewage samples ranged from 11.90 to 16.05, 64.96 to 88.27, 38.91 to 76.35, 17.46 to 24.45 mug/L for Cd, As, Pb, Co, and 4.31 to 8.77, 1.71 to 2.45, 0.46 to 0.74 and 13.82 to 20.47 mg/l for Al, Cr, Mn and Fe, respectively; while in the receiving stream, the concentrations were between 6.89 to 10.45, 35.50 to 59.26, 22.85 to 35.94, 11.33 to 18.83 mug/l for Cd, As, Pb, Co, and 1.99 to 3.49, 1.35 to 2.08, 0.21 to 0.48, and 8.93 to 14.15 mg/l for Al, Cr, Mn and Fe, respectively. The discharge of the effluent from the sewage pond into the receiving stream has therefore led to increase in the concentrations of some heavy metals downstream, thus impacting the receiving stream negatively and could pose a serious health hazard to aquatic ecosystems and humans particularly for rural dwellers and peasant farmers downstream that utilize the water from the receiving stream for various domestic and agricultural purposes untreated.     

Slurry-phase biodegradation of weathered oily sludge waste

We assessed the biodegradation of a typical oily sludge waste (PB401) in Mexico using several regimes of indigenous microbial consortium and relevant bioremediation strategies in slurry-phase system. Abiotic loss of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the PB401 was insignificant, and degradation rates under the various treatment conditions ranged between 666.9 and 2168.7 mg kg(-1) day(-1) over a 15 days reaction period, while viable cell count peaked at between log(10)5.7 and log(10)7.4 cfu g(-1). Biostimulation with a commercial fertilizer resulted in 24% biodegradation of the TPH in the oily waste and a corresponding peak cell density of log(10)7.4 cfu g(-1). Addition of non-indigenous adapted consortium did not appear to enhance the removal of TPH from the oily waste. It would appear that the complexities of the components of the alkylaromatic fraction of the waste limited biodegradation rate even in a slurry system.     

溪洛渡水电工程拦沙对三峡水库富营养化潜在影响的初步研究

从泥沙吸附的角度,探讨金沙江溪洛渡水电站拦沙对三峡水库溶解性磷负荷的影响。2006年11月在金沙江、长江干流和支流岷江、沱江采集了淤积泥沙和水样,测定了泥沙的全磷、有效磷和磷固定量及水的溶解性磷等指标。岷江和沱江泥沙的有效磷含量远高于金沙江和长江干流,反映了四川盆地支流的磷污染较干流严重;干流泥沙的有效磷含量向下游呈增加和磷固定量向下游呈减少的趋势,反映了干流泥沙沿途不断吸附四川盆地支流汇入干流中的溶解性磷,磷固定能力有所降低。根据金沙江宜宾与长江朱沱泥沙的有效磷含量和磷固定量,金沙江来沙年吸附溶解性磷分别为382和6 885 t,分别相当于朱沱站的26%和468％。溪洛渡水库拦蓄泥沙,金沙江来沙吸附长江干流溶解性磷的量将有所减少。水库投入运行后的前50年,以有效磷含量计,金沙江来沙的磷吸附量占朱沱年溶解性磷总量的比例从26%降至10%;以磷固定量计,从468％降至174%。长江干流进入三峡水库的年溶解性磷总量有可能增加16%～294%。金沙江来沙降低三峡入库磷负荷的实际功能,可能介于有效磷含量和磷固定量的计算值之间,具体值还需开展进一步的试验研究。     

关中地区细颗粒物碳组分特征及来源解析

为研究关中地区细颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征及其来源,于2017年9月4日至2018年1月19日在关中地区5个主要典型城市(西安、渭南、铜川、宝鸡和咸阳)设置采样点(XA、WN、TCH、BJ和XY)进行细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的手工采样观测,碳组分环境样品采用热光透射法(TOT)分析.结果表明,细颗粒物中OC和EC平均浓度分别为(14. 48±7. 86)μg·m~(-3)和(2. 27±0. 95)μg·m~(-3),占比分别为18. 04%和2. 99%,与其他城市相比污染较为严重.碳组分占比的空间分布为XY WN XA BJ TCH,且季节差异明显,冬季占比高于秋季. OC与EC的相关性显著(R~2=0. 79),有着较为相同的污染来源.OC1在碳组分中比例最高为23. 44%,碳组分的浓度顺序为OC1 EC2 EC3 OC4 EC1 OC2 OC3 EC4 EC6 EC5.正矩阵因子分解模型的源解析结果表明,该地区碳组分的4类主要贡献源为生物质燃烧与燃煤源、汽油车尾气、柴油车尾气和道路扬尘污染源,贡献率分别为48. 63%、23. 07%、18. 82%和9. 47%,各点位的污染贡献结构有着明显的差异.