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31.
Andressa Decesaro Thaís Strieder Machado Ângela Carolina Cappellaro Christian Oliveira Reinehr Antônio Thomé Luciane Maria Colla 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20831-20843
Research on the influence of biosurfactants on the efficiency of in situ bioremediation of contaminated soil is continuously growing. Despite the constant progress in understanding the mechanisms involved in the effects of biosurfactants, there are still many factors that are not sufficiently elucidated. There is a lack of research on autochthonous or exogenous microbial metabolism when biostimulation or bioaugmentation is carried out to produce biosurfactants at contaminated sites. In addition, studies on the application of techniques that measure the biosurfactants produced in situ are needed. This is important because, although the positive influence of biosurfactants is often reported, there are also studies where no effect or negative effects have been observed. This review aimed to examine some studies on factors that can improve the production of biosurfactants in soils during in situ bioremediation. Moreover, this work reviews the methodologies that can be used for measuring the production of these biocomposts. We reviewed studies on the potential of biosurfactants to improve the bioremediation of hydrocarbons, as well as the limitations of methods for the production of these biomolecules by microorganisms in soil. 相似文献
32.
33.
Flávio Henrique Tincani Osório Luis Felipe Oliveira Silva Laercio Dante Stein Piancini Ana Carolina Barni Azevedo Samuel Liebel Flavia Yoshie Yamamoto Vivian Prá Philippi Marcos Leandro Silva Oliveira Claudia Feijó Ortolani-Machado Francisco Filipak Neto Marta Margarete Cestari Helena Cristina da Silva de Assis Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):9145-9160
The Tubarão River rises in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and has been historically affected by coal mining activities around its springhead. To evaluate its water conditions, an investigation regarding a possible decontamination gradient associated with the increased river flow toward the estuary, as well as the influence of seasonality over this gradient was performed through a series of biomarkers (vitellogenin, comet assay, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, gluthatione, gluthatione S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, light microscopy in liver, and scanning electron microscopy in gills) and chemical analysis (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile and metal analysis in sediment) in the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis. Two collections (summer and winter) were made in four distinct sites along the river, while sediments were sampled between those seasons. As expected, the contamination linked exclusively to mining activities was not observed, possibly due to punctual inputs of contaminants. The decontamination gradient was not observed, although seasonality seemed to have a critical role in the responses of biomarkers and availability of contaminants. In the summer, the fish presented higher histopathological damages and lower concentrations of PAHs, while in the winter they showed both higher genetic damage and accumulation of PAHs. The Tubarão suffers impacts from diverse activities, representing health risks for wild and human populations. 相似文献
34.
Ana Elisa S. Vercelheze André L. M. Oliveira Maria Inês Rezende Carmen M. O. Muller Fábio Yamashita Suzana Mali 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(1):266-274
The objectives of this work were to develop biodegradable trays from cassava starch, sugarcane fibers and Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) using a baking process and to study the effects of these components on the physical properties, photo- and bio-degradation of the trays. The sample F20 (produced with 20 g fiber/100 g formulation) showed the maximum yield production (100 %). All formulations resulted in well-shaped trays with densities between 0.1941 and 0.2966 g/cm3. The addition of fibers and Na-MMT resulted in less dense and less rigid trays compared to control samples (only starch). The studied processing conditions resulted in good nanoclay dispersion, leading to the formation of an exfoliated structure. The evaluation of the photo-degradation stability of the trays under UV exposure for 336 h showed that a sample produced with a specific combination of fiber and nanoclay (20 g fiber and 5 g nanoclay/100 g formulation) had the highest loss in stress at break (91 %). Biodegradation assays showed that Control trays (starch) and F20 (20 g fiber/100 g formulation) lost a greater percentage of their weight after 90 days of incubation in soil, with losses of up to 85.50 and 82.70 %, respectively. 相似文献
35.
André Bélanger Charles Vincent Domingos de Oliveira 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):615-625
Abstract In 1986 strawberry plots were treated with dimethoate, malathion, permethrin and cypermethrin at 80% bloom of primary flowers. In 1987 the plots were sprayed with dimethoate, malathion and permethrin at 30% bloom. Residue analysis of these insecticides on the flowers were analyzed using solvent extraction and gas liquid chromatography. Residue analysis at 0 to 18 days on flowers and fruit showed an exponential decrease. Organophosphates tended to degrade more quickly than synthetic pyrethroids. The results are discussed in the context of an integrated pest management program. 相似文献
36.
D. S. Rosa C. G. F. Guedes C. M. Oliveira M. I. Felisberti 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(4):230-240
Mixtures of poly-β-(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) PHB-V with virgin and post-consumer low density polyethylene (LDPE) were
prepared by melt mixing in proportions of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 0/100 (wt/wt%). The mixtures were analysed by infrared
spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), melting flow index (MFI),
tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biodegradation in simulated soil. The DMTA and DSC curves of post-consumer
LDPE suggested that this polymer was a mixture of LDPE and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Virgin and post-consumer
LDPE had lower MFI than PHB-V, but the blends showed higher index as the content of LDPE increased. The addition of LDPE reduced
the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the mixtures compared with PHB-V. SEM indicated poor interfacial adhesion between
PHB-V and LDPE. PHB-V degraded slow and gradually, while both LDPE showed virtually no degradation under the conditions studied.
The biodegradability of the blends depended on their composition and of the type of LDPE. LDPE improved the biodegradability
of the mixtures. 相似文献
37.
de Andrade Brito I Arruda Freire C Yamamoto FY Silva de Assis HC Rodrigues Souza-Bastos L Cestari MM de Castilhos Ghisi N Prodocimo V Filipak Neto F de Oliveira Ribeiro CA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(2):615-625
Paraíba do Sul River is located at a very densely inhabited region of Brazil crossing the three most industrialized states of the country (S?o Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states). As a result, industrial and farming residues as well as urban sewage are frequently disposed without appropriate treatment. The current study aimed at investigating the water quality in three reservoirs along the Paraíba do Sul River (Ilha dos Pombos, Santa Cecília and Santa Branca), through physiological, morphological, biochemical, and genetic biomarkers. The bioindicator chosen was the catfish Pimelodus maculatus, sampled during the dry (June 2008) and rainy (February 2009) seasons. Also, some water physicochemical parameters were analyzed from the sampling sites, but displayed no alterations according to the Brazilian Agency for Water Quality Legislation. Branchial carbonic anhydrase activity was inhibited in the dry season, while renal carbonic anhydrase activity was inhibited in the rainy season in the Santa Branca reservoir, indicating disturbance of osmoregulatory and acid-base regulation processes. Histopathological alterations were observed in the gills (neoplasic and tissue hyperplasia processes) and liver (necrosis), indicating serious damage to the functional integrity of these organs. A high incidence of melanomacrophage centers was observed in the liver, suggesting an intense immune response in all reservoirs. Acetylcholinesterase and catalase activity showed also differences corroborating some morphological results. Likewise, the induction of the micronucleus and DNA damage indicate genotoxicity, but mainly in the Santa Branca reservoir. Thus, the health status of P. maculatus warrants caution in the use of the water from the 3 reservoirs for direct human consumption, particularly after the accidental spill of endosulfan in November 2008, three months before the rainy season sampling. 相似文献
38.
C. M. Oliveira M. F. Camões P. Bigus A. A. Fachado R. B. Silva 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(6):380
In this work, particulate matter was collected using an active sampling system consisting of a PM10 (<10 μm) inlet coupled to a multifold device containing six channels, connected to a vacuum pump. Each channel was equipped with a filter holder fitted with adequately chosen filters. The system was fixed on a metallic structure, which was placed on the roof of the laboratory building, at the Faculty of Sciences, in Lisbon. Sampling took place under flow-controlled conditions. Aerosols were extracted from the filters with water, in defined conditions, and the water-soluble fraction was quantified by ion chromatography (IC) for the determination of inorganic anions (Cl?, NO3 ? and SO4 2?). Equivalent sampling through the various channels was validated. Validation was based on the metrological compatibility of the content results for the various filters. Ion masses are metrologically equivalent when their absolute difference is smaller than the respective expanded uncertainty. When this condition is verified, the studied multifold device produces equivalent samples. 相似文献
39.
Schaefer CE do Amaral EF de Mendonça BA Oliveira H Lani JL Costa LM Fernandes Filho EI 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):279-289
The relationships between soils attributes, soil carbon stocks and vegetation carbon stocks are poorly know in Amazonia, even
at regional scale. In this paper, we used the large and reliable soil database from Western Amazonia obtained from the RADAMBRASIL
project and recent estimates of vegetation biomass to investigate some environmental relationships, quantifying C stocks of
intact ecosystem in Western Amazonia. The results allowed separating the western Amazonia into 6 sectors, called pedo-zones:
Roraima, Rio Negro Basin, Tertiary Plateaux of the Amazon, Javari-Juruá-Purus lowland, Acre Basin and Rondonia uplands. The
highest C stock for the whole soil is observed in the Acre and in the Rio Negro sectors. In the former, this is due to the
high nutrient status and high clay activity, whereas in the latter, it is attributed to a downward carbon movement attributed
to widespread podzolization and arenization, forming spodic horizons. The youthful nature of shallow soils of the Javari-Juruá-Purus
lowlands, associated with high Al, results in a high phytomass C/soil C ratio. A similar trend was observed for the shallow
soils from the Roraima and Rondonia highlands. A consistent east–west decline in biomass carbon in the Rio Negro Basin sector
is associated with increasing rainfall and higher sand amounts. It is related to lesser C protection and greater C loss of
sandy soils, subjected to active chemical leaching and widespread podzolization. Also, these soils possess lower cation exchangeable
capacity and lower water retention capacity. Zones where deeply weathered Latosols dominate have a overall pattern of high
C sequestration, and greater than the shallower soils from the upper Amazon, west of Madeira and Negro rivers. This was attributed
to deeper incorporation of carbon in these clayey and highly pedo-bioturbated soils. The results highlight the urgent need
for refining soil data at an appropriate scale for C stocks calculations purposes in Amazonia. There is a risk of misinterpreting
C stocks in Amazonia when such great pedological variability is not taken into account. 相似文献
40.
Oliveira M Delgado L Ribeiro H Abreu I 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(5):1187-1194
Fungal spores are a significant fraction of the atmospheric bioparticles (bioaerosols) and many species are capable of inducing the production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), aggravating the clinical symptoms of allergic respiratory diseases in sensitized individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution of potentially allergenic Pleosporales spores in two locations with different urbanization indexes, characterizing its seasonal pattern. The seasonal distribution of several spore types belonging to the Pleosporales (Alternaria, Drechslera, Epicoccum, Paraphaeosphaeria, Pithomyces, Pleospora and Stemphylium) in Amares (rural area) and Porto (urban area) was continually studied from January 2005 to December of 2007, using Hirst-type volumetric spore traps. Alternaria was the most abundant fungal spore type found in the atmosphere of Amares and Porto. This fungal type, together with Drechslera, Epicoccum, Pithomyces and Stemphylium, was mainly present during summer. Nevertheless, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora and Venturia spores were detected during winter and spring, while Paraphaeosphaeria spores were also observed during summer and autumn. These different seasonal patterns were responsible for the expansion of the exposure period for the Alt a 1 allergen. The concentration of the studied spore types was higher in the rural area than in the urban one, with exception for Pleospora and Drechslera. According to the correlations with meteorological factors, the selected fungal spores can be divided into two groups: (i) Alternaria, Drechslera, Epicoccum, Pithomyces and Stemphylium presented positive correlations with temperature and negative correlations with relative humidity and rainfall; (ii) Leptosphaeria, Paraphaeosphaeria, Pleospora and Venturia presented a contrary behavior. Usually, the occurrence of the Alt a 1 allergen has been associated with the presence of airborne Alternaria spores; the present work follows the seasonal distribution of other fungal spore species known to contain this molecule. The widespread occurrence of Alt a 1 plays an important role in the incidence and aggravation of allergic disorders. 相似文献