Deriving freshwater quality criteria of sulphocyanic sodium for the protection of aquatic life in China

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世界煤炭资源流动的时空格局及成因分析

基于1990-2016年的统计数据,采用场理论研究世界煤炭资源流动的时空格局变化及其成因,揭示近30年来世界煤炭资源的流动状态及其演变过程。研究结果显示：（1）2016年世界煤炭的输出总量达12.25亿t,比1990年增加了10.13亿t,年均增长6.98%,其中澳大利亚、印尼和俄罗斯等是主要的煤炭输出国,印度、日本、中国和韩国是主要的煤炭输入国;（2）以场理论的位势、流场分布、流动迹线角度分析,世界煤炭资源的流动以北美洲、中南美洲和非洲为源流场,以欧洲及欧亚大陆、中东和亚太为汇流场,在澳大利亚—东亚、印尼—东亚/印度之间形成主要运输航线;（3）资源空间分布、供需匹配程度、空间距离、市场因素和国家政策等是煤炭资源流动的主要动因。研究发现：虽然中国煤炭储量丰富,但是煤炭消费数量庞大,仅可维持72年,必须重视煤炭的进口和储备工作。该研究对于中国科学制定产业政策具有重要价值。     

微波催化氧化法处理炼油废水

研究了应用微波辐射技术处理炼油废水,考察了活性炭用量,微波辐射时间,微波辐射功率,双氧水用量等因素对出水水质的影响。设计了实际废水的实验流程,检测了一部分生活杂用水(CJ25.1-89)中的主要指标,取得了较好的结果。     

星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复

近年来由于人为活动的影响,星云湖的生态结构遭到了严重破坏,这是导致其污染自净能力下降,从而加速水质恶化的主要内在因素.在2000年3月湖泊水生生态演替调查及其原因分析的基础上,根据湖泊生态学的原理,提出了星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复的建设途径.     

微波加热对活性炭表面基团及其对SO2吸附性能的影响

采用了微波加热技术,通过在不同微波功率和辐射时间条件下对不同粒径活性炭进行改性,研究了改性前后活性炭的表面化学基团、元素组成的变化,以及对SO2吸附性能的影响.结果表明,经过微波改性后活性炭的SO2吸附性能大为提高,微波功率是影响改性活性炭脱硫性能的主要因素.活性炭经微波热处理后,酸性基团发生分解,表面含氧量减少,碱性特征增强,是吸附性能增加的主要原因之一.     

络合吸收结合生物转化去除氮氧化物技术

介绍了络合吸收结合生物转化处理NOx 技术的基本原理和目前的研究进展情况 ,并分析了该技术处理氮氧化物存在的问题和未来发展方向     

Virus retention and transport through Al-oxide coated sand columns: effects of ionic strength and composition

Knowledge of the factors that influence the fate and transport of viruses in porous media is very important for accurately determining groundwater vulnerability and for developing protective regulations. In this study, six saturated sand column experiments were performed to examine the effects of a positively charged Al-oxide, which was coated on sand particles, on the retention and transport of viruses (phiX174 and MS-2) in background solutions of different ionic strength and composition. We found that the Al-oxide coating on sand significantly removed viruses during their transport in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Mass balance calculations showed that 34% of the input MS-2 was inactivated/irreversibly sorbed on the surface of Al-oxide coated sand whereas 100% of phiX174 was recovered. Results from this study also indicated that higher ionic strength facilitated the transport of both phiX174 and MS-2 through the Al-oxide coated sand. This was attributed to the effect of ion shielding, which at higher ionic strength decreased the electrostatic attraction between the viral particles and the sand surface and consequently decreased virus sorption. Strong effect of the ionic strength indicates that an outer-sphere complexation mechanism was responsible for the virus sorption on the Al-oxide coated sand. Ion composition of the background solutions was also found to be a significant factor in influencing virus retention and transport. Virus transport was enhanced in the presence of phosphate (HPO(4)(2-)) as compared to bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)), and the effect of HPO(4)(2-) was more significant on MS-2 than on phiX174. The presence of bivalent cations (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) increased virus transport because the cations partially screened the negative charges on the viruses therefore decreased the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged sand surface and the negatively charged viruses. Mass recovery data indicated that bivalent cations gave rise to a certain degree of inactivation/irreversibly sorption of phiX174 on the surface of Al-oxide coated sand. On the contrary, the bivalent cations appeared to have protected MS-2 from inactivation/irreversibly sorption. This study provides some insights into the mechanisms responsible for virus retention and transport in porous media.     

铬渣的固化/稳定化研究

探讨了用水泥粘结剂对铬渣进行稳定化的方法。结果表明，把高炉矿渣和粉煤灰加入水泥基材中对铬渣进行固化，固化体抗压强度达到30MPa以上，浸出毒性大大降低，浸了同液中六价铬浓度在容许范围内，建议可以综合利用。     

红萍在植物治污方面的应用研究进展

植物治污是利用植物清除土壤和水中的各类污染物 ,进行环境治理。水生蕨类植物红萍具有一定的耐污能力 ,可以通过植物活体的富集作用和干体的物理吸附作用 ,从溶液中吸附多种重金属元素及通过植物挥发作用 ,将吸入的硒盐转化为挥发态。在污水中养萍可以去除COD和进行生物脱氮除磷 ,并设计出相应的养萍盘和生物稳定塘系统进行废水处理 ;利用红萍干体填充的滤柱可以用于电镀污水中一些重金属元素吸附回收。本文对红萍近年来在植物治污方面的应用和研究进行了描述和展望     

Fenton试剂-生物法联合处理有机废水研究进展

本文对Fenton试剂和生物法联合处理有机废水的工艺流程、适用废水种类、废水处理机理和衡量指标进行了综述,并对Fenton试剂和生物法相结合处理有机废水研究进行了展望。