Source identification and characterization of the accumulating non-biodegradable organics in Korean reservoirs

An increase in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been noticed in most Korean reservoirs. Therefore, this research systematically investigated the causes of organic accumulation. Samples of soil affecting the quality of water of reservoirs were collected at various sources and analyzed for their organic characteristics. The COD to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ratio was used as the key parameter in the evaluation of non-biodegradable (NBD) organic accumulation in the reservoirs. Soil samples containing plant roots were agitated, with the supernatant showing COD/BOD ratios of less than 2.8, while those of the composted tree leaves were greater than 5.0, suggesting that humic substances produced in forest areas are a major cause of NBD organic accumulation in reservoirs. In addition, the organic fractionation of the leachate from leaching tests showed that of the various types of hydrophobic natural organic matter (NOM), the larger molecular weight humic acid makes a greater contribution than fulvic acid to the increase in the NBD COD in Korean reservoirs.     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar organic contaminants by oil-contaminated soil

Sorption of nonpolar (phenanthrene and butylate) and polar (atrazine and diuron) organic chemicals to oil-contaminated soil was examined to investigate oil effects on sorption of organic chemicals and to derive oil–water distribution coefficients (K_oil). The resulting oil-contaminated soil–water distribution coefficients (K_d) for phenanthrene demonstrated sorption-enhancing effects at both lower and higher oil concentrations (C_oil) but sorption-reducing (competitive) effects at intermediate C_oil (approximately 1 g kg⁻¹). Rationalization of the different dominant effects was attempted in terms of the relative aliphatic carbon content which determines the accessibility of the aromatic cores to phenanthrene. Little or no competitive effect occurred for butylate because its sorption was dominated by partitioning. For atrazine and diuron, the changes in K_d at C_oil above approximately 1 g kg⁻¹ were negligible, indicating that the presently investigated oil has little or no effect on the two tested compounds even though the polarity of the oil is much less than soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, specific interactions with the active groups (aromatic and polar domains) are dominantly responsible for the sorption of polar sorbates, and thus their sorption is controlled by available sorption sites. This study showed that the oil has the potential to be a dominant sorptive phase for nonpolar pollutants when compared to SOM, but hardly so for polar compounds. The results may aid in a better understanding of the role of the aliphatic and aromatic domains in sorption of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants.     

高效降解环己酮红球菌JDM-3-12的分离及其系统发育分析

从岳阳巴陵石化公司环己酮生产车间总出水口的污泥中筛选到一株环己酮降解菌株,菌号为JDM-3-12;该菌能以环己酮为唯一碳源且能忍受5000 mg/L的环己酮,当环己酮的质量浓度为2000 mg/L时,在温度为30℃,转速为150 r/m in,pH=7的条件下,72小时内该菌株对环己酮的降解率达到97.91%。通过形态观察、生理生化特征检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析,初步鉴定其为赤红球菌(Rhodococcus ruber)中的一个菌株,该菌最适生长温度为35℃,最适生长pH 7。     

农村生活污水治理措施

介绍了适合于国内农村生活污水治理的一些技术与措施。沼气技术是当前处理农村生活污水的较佳选择。     

建筑火灾烟流运动特性网络模型的求解收敛性

分析了运用网络模型模拟建筑火灾烟流的计算过程,通过总结影响网络模型求解精度及收敛性的关键因素,改进了原烟流预测软件对建筑物各开口的净、正、负质量流量的算法。改进后的模型消除了振荡效应,模拟结果曲线平滑稳定,实现了运用网络模型对多室建筑物烟流特性的模拟计算。     

基于TM与MODIS遥感数据的农业旱情监测——以河北省为例

以河北省冬小麦种植区域为研究区,基于TM和MOD IS遥感数据,利用植被供水指数法确定了研究区旱情等级。首先,将其与遥感解译获得的冬小麦空间分布图叠加得到受灾冬小麦空间分布图;然后以1 km的距离在受灾冬小麦周围做缓冲区,并与通过人口密度模型获得的人口密度空间分布图叠加,得出受灾人口空间分布;最后基于光能利用率改进模型构建粮食产量回归统计模型,得到粮食产量。目的是从粮食产量和作物受灾影响人口两个方面对农业受干旱影响情况进行遥感监测和定量评价,以期为相关部门制定防灾、抗灾措施提供科学依据。结果表明,2004年研究区:(1)春季受灾面积小,仅占16.4%;(2)旱情较轻,以轻旱为主,占受灾面积的89%;(3)冬小麦种植面积约为23 965.0 km2,受灾面积约606.3 km2,主要位于唐山市和保定市;(4)粮食产量回归统计模型精度达到了87%,冬小麦产量约为11939247 t,单产约为498.8 t/km2。     

稻草制浆黑液生物＋混凝处理试验

通过对稻草制浆黑液厌氧、好氧、混凝处理组合工艺的试验研究,探索该工艺的可行性,考察了不同温度、不同有机负荷下,该类废水的生物处理效果以及后续混凝效果。结果表明：中温35℃是厌氧阶段最佳处理温度,好氧阶段不同负荷条件下,CODCr去除率基本相同;经厌氧－好氧处理,黑液CODCr和木质素去除率分别为80％和30％,色度去除不明显;混凝阶段CODCr和木质素去除率分别为70％和90％,色度去除率达90％以上,出水达到国家标准。     

有机膨润土对苯胺的吸附性能及应用研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵为改性剂制备有机膨润土,利用正交实验研究了有机膨润土吸附垃圾渗滤液中极性有机污染物苯胺的性能、条件及改性条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,有机改性膨润土对苯胺有很好的吸附效果,实验条件下对苯胺的去除率可达90％以上,绘制了有机膨润土吸附苯胺的吸附等温线,通过与吸附苯酚效果的比较,总结了有机膨润土吸附极性有机污染物的一般规律。     

利用餐饮业废油脂制造生物柴油

世界的石油产量将会逐渐减少,石化柴油燃烧后所排放的废气是造成的城市空气污染的主要原因,生物柴油是石化柴油很好的替代能源,文章介绍了国外废油脂处理利用和甸餐饮业废油脂的概况,提出了利用餐饮业废油脂制造生物柴油的方法和工艺流程,并讨论了利用餐饮业废油脂制造生物柴油的几个问题。     

市级国土空间规划核心指标纵向传导研究——以湖南省常德市为例

核心指标纵向层级传导作为市级国土空间规划的关键内容,对市域国土空间格局优化及规划统筹具有重要意义。针对当前指标传导研究不充分、不精细等问题,遵循“核心传导指标选择→指标传导技术逻辑构建→情景模拟预测”的研究思路,以常德市为例研究其2035年国土空间规划“市→县（区）”的核心指标传导。结果表明：（1）基于“指标全域总量预测—指标空间布局模拟—指标分区分类传导”的传导技术逻辑,通过SD与GeoSOS-FLUS模型的耦合集成利用,可有效实现市级国土空间规划核心指标“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的科学传导。（2）构建“人—地—业”协调的常德市国土空间利用SD模型,预测获得2035年市域核心指标总量,相应国土利用综合效益达12994.25亿元,相比2018年提升207.75%。（3）从指标传导结果来看,2035年常德市各县（市、区）社会经济类指标除常住人口规模指标外均保持增长趋势,边界类指标实现“只增不减”,用地类指标变化各异,但总体契合常德市主体功能区建设方向,核心指标传导结果符合实际。