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51.
Quadri-Adrogué Agustina Gómez-Ramírez Pilar García-Fernández Antonio Juan García Germán Oscar Seco-Pon Juan Pablo Miglioranza Karina Silvia Beatriz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(17):24793-24801
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mercury (Hg) is a great concern for marine environments. Bird feathers have been widely used to assess Hg pollution. In this study, we determine... 相似文献
52.
Brèteau-Amores Sandrine Fortin Mathieu Andrés-Domenech Pablo Bréda Nathalie 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2022,27(2):295-309
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - Extreme or recurrent drought events are the principal source of stress on forests, impairing their overall health. They result in financial losses for... 相似文献
53.
Pedro Daleo Tomás Luppi Agustina Mendez Casariego Mauricio Escapa Pablo Ribeiro Paola Silva Oscar Iribarne 《Marine Biology》2009,156(3):269-275
Size advantage in male–male competition over mates, combined with male preference over large females, is a common feature
that can drive to size assortative mating and, eventually, sexual selection. In crabs, appendage autotomy can affect assortative
mating and opportunity for sexual selection by affecting size advantage in mating contests. In this work, we evaluate the
effect of size and appendage autotomy in generating assortative mating in the mud crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus. Field observations of guarding pairs in two different populations show a positive correlation between carapace width of
males and females in both the populations. In one of the populations, incidence of appendage autotomy was low and the variability
in the size of reproductive males was lower than the variability in the size of randomly collected males (i.e. only larger
males were successful in getting a female), whereas there was no differences in the other population (i.e. most male sizes
were successful) where the incidence of appendage autotomy was very high, indicating that the importance of size is higher
when the incidence of autotomy is low. In this context, experiments (in both populations) show that, in contests for a female,
larger males outcompete smaller ones only when they had intact appendages. When males had missing chelipeds, winning or loosing
against smaller males was random. This may lead to a decrease in the importance of male size in populations with high incidence
of cheliped autotomy, affecting assortative mating and opportunity for selection and, thus, affecting selective pressures. 相似文献
54.
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Bird Species in a Relict Temperate Forest in Semiarid Chile 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract: We analyzed the structure and composition of a bird assemblage in a fragmented relict temperate forest located in northcentral Chile ( Fray Jorge National Park). In terms of species composition, the bird assemblage we found in Fray Jorge was more similar to southern temperate forest sites, located more than 1200 km south of Fray Jorge, than to localities found in nearby scrub habitats. The relict character and long-term isolation of the Fray Jorge forest provides a natural experiment with which to establish the potential long-term effects of fragmentation and isolation on southern Chilean temperate forests. Between May 1996 and March 1997, we conducted seasonal surveys of birds in six forest fragments, ranging in size from 0.5 to 22.5 ha, at Fray Jorge. The number of bird species at each forest fragment was positively correlated with fragment area during all seasons. The relict forest system had a steeper species-area slope than that reported for similar temperate-forest bird assemblages in forest fragments within Chiloé Island and for islands across the Chiloé Archipelago in southern Chile. In this regard, this bird fauna resembled a depauperate oceanic archipelago. This difference in area effects is likely a consequence of the minimization of rescue effects because of the absence of large source forest areas nearby and the long-term isolation of the system. In addition, the distribution of species among forest fragments in Fray Jorge was not random, showing a nested subset pattern. Thus, some species occur across all fragments, regardless of their area, and therefore are less affected by habitat fragmentation and less prone to local extinction. These results suggest that, for south-temperate forest birds, large fragments (or reserves) should afford better protection against extinction than small forest patches. 相似文献
55.
Pablo Jose Negret Moreno Di Marco Laura J. Sonter Jonathan Rhodes Hugh P. Possingham Martine Maron 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1452-1462
Estimating the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in reducing deforestation is useful to support decisions on whether to invest in better management of areas already protected or to create new ones. Statistical matching is commonly used to assess this effectiveness, but spatial autocorrelation and regional differences in protection effectiveness are frequently overlooked. Using Colombia as a case study, we employed statistical matching to account for confounding factors in park location and accounted for for spatial autocorrelation to determine statistical significance. We compared the performance of different matching procedures—ways of generating matching pairs at different scales—in estimating PA effectiveness. Differences in matching procedures affected covariate similarity between matched pairs (balance) and estimates of PA effectiveness in reducing deforestation. Independent matching yielded the greatest balance. On average 95% of variables in each region were balanced with independent matching, whereas 33% of variables were balanced when using the method that performed worst. The best estimates suggested that average deforestation inside protected areas in Colombia was 40% lower than in matched sites. Protection significantly reduced deforestation, but PA effectiveness differed among regions. Protected areas in Caribe were the most effective, whereas those in Orinoco and Pacific were least effective. Our results demonstrate that accounting for spatial autocorrelation and using independent matching for each subset of data is needed to infer the effectiveness of protection in reducing deforestation. Not accounting for spatial autocorrelation can distort the assessment of protection effectiveness, increasing type I and II errors and inflating effect size. Our method allowed improved estimates of protection effectiveness across scales and under different conditions and can be applied to other regions to effectively assess PA performance. 相似文献
56.
Growth, age and somatic production of the benthic predator Odontocymbiola magellanica were studied in Golfo Nuevo (42°S 65°W), on the South American Atlantic shelf. Stable oxygen isotope ratios confirmed semiannual
formation of internal and external shell growth marks. Mean shell length (SL) of females was 115 and 112 mm for males, while
population modal shell-free wet mass (SFWM) was 62.8 g. A Gompertz growth function (SL∞ = 200 mm, K = 0.197, t
0 = 5.486) fitted 113 pairs of size-at-age data (12 shells) best. O. magellanica is a long-lived species, reaching up to 20 years of age. The maximum individual somatic production of 29.3 g SFWM per year
is attained at 145 mm SL, which corresponds to about 12 years of age. The life span of this volutid seems to be twice compared
with other large gastropods. O. magellanica is a valuable and exploitable resource regarding its large size and somatic production, but on the other hand, its slow growth,
late maturity and direct development makes it extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. 相似文献
57.
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59.
Aravindakshan Sreejith Krupnik Timothy J. Shahrin Sumona Tittonell Pablo Siddique Kadambot H. M. Ditzler Lenora Groot Jeroen C. J. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16588-16616
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Appreciating and dealing with the plurality of farmers’ perceptions and their contextual knowledge and perspectives of the functioning and... 相似文献
60.
Carolina Briones Pablo Presa Montse Pérez Alfonso Pita Ricardo Guiñez 《Marine Biology》2013,160(12):3143-3156
Connectivity in benthic marine animals with complex life cycles occurs primarily during the pelagic larval stage and depends deterministically on oceanographic dynamics. The scale of such larval dispersal is highly uncertain due the difficulty of direct measurement and poor knowledge of larval dynamics and ocean flow variability. This study characterizes the pattern of genetic connectivity in the ecosystem engineer Perumytilus purpuratus between latitudes 23°S and 33°S, which includes the ecological discontinuity reported for many taxa north to 32°S at the southeast Pacific. The genetic discontinuity observed in P. purpuratus around 26°S is described herein while that detected at 28°S is in line with the ecological discontinuity (in coverage, recruitment and density) previously reported for this mussel between 28°S and 32°S. Both discontinuities delimitate two major gene pools upon Bayesian inferences on geographical variation of five microsatellite loci. Interestingly, marker Pepu1 was responsible for most variation between pools and was potentially under selection. In fact, inferences excluding Pepu1 produced a single gene pool (k = 1) in central-northern Chile. The IBD connectivity pattern observed among P. purpuratus beds distributed in the interval 23°S–33°S is congruent with processes driven by larval dynamics, and the dominant equatorward Humboldt Current along a coast largely unaffected by ice during the last Pleistocene glaciation. However, the selective scenario unveiled by microsatellite Pepu1 inside the 25°S–28°S ecological discontinuity is consistent with selective processes associated with specific mesoscale properties operating in this area. This study highlights the usefulness of integrating different oceanographic scales, ecological data and population genetics to better understand connectivity of benthic marine species. 相似文献