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121.
Pamela L. Perrewé Wayne A. Hochwarter Gerald R. Ferris Charn P. McAllister John N. Harris 《组织行为杂志》2014,35(1):145-150
Although the passion that people demonstrate at work would appear to be a topic of considerable interest and importance to organizational scholars and practitioners, we know virtually nothing about it. In response, we introduce the work passion construct, discuss what we currently understand, and provide needed directions for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
122.
Assessing vulnerability to sea-level rise using a coastal sensitivity index: a case study from southeast Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many of the world’s coasts appear vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise. This paper assesses the
application of a coastal sensitivity index (CSI) to the Illawarra coast, a relatively well-studied shoreline in southeast
Australia. Nine variables, namely (a) rock type, (b) coastal slope (c) geomorphology (d) barrier type (e) shoreline exposure
(f) shoreline change (g) relative sea-level rise (h) mean wave height and (j) mean tide range, were adopted in calculation
of the CSI (the square root of the product of the ranked variables divided by the number of variables). Two new variables,
shoreline exposure and barrier type, were trialled in this analysis and the extent to which these increased the discriminatory
power of the index was assessed. Four iterations of the CSI were undertaken using different combinations of ranked variables
for each of 105 cells in a grid template, and the index values derived were displayed based on quartiles, indicating sections
of coast with very high, high, moderate and low sensitivity. Increasing the number of variables increased the discriminatory
power of the index, but the broad pattern and the rank order were very similar for each of the iterations. Rocky and cliffed
sections of coast are least sensitive whereas sandy beaches backed by low plains or dunes record the highest sensitivity.
It is difficult to determine shoreline change on this coast, because individual storms result in substantial erosion of beaches,
but there are prolonged subsequent periods of accretion and foredune rebuilding. Consequently this variable is not a good
indicator of shoreline sensitivity and the index is unlikely to provide a clear basis for forecasting future recession of
beaches. The results of this study provide a framework for coastal managers and planners to prioritize efforts to enhance
the resilience or consider adaptation measures in the coastal zone within a study region. Sensitivity of the coast if considered
in conjunction with other social factors may be an input into broader assessments of the overall vulnerability of coasts and
their communities. 相似文献
123.
José Luis Iriarte Silvio Pantoja Humberto E. González Gabriela Silva Hector Paves Pamela Labbé Lorena Rebolledo Murat Van Ardelan V. Häussermann 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):5055-5070
Anthropogenic (aquaculture) changes in environment nutrient concentrations may affect phytoplankton (biomass and taxa composition) in marine coastal waters off the Chilean Patagonia. The effects of adding nitrate (NO3 ?) to natural phytoplankton assemblages were evaluated considering biomass, cell abundance, and taxonomic composition. Microcosm experiments were performed in the spring, summer, and winter in the Comau Fjord located in Subantarctic Patagonia. At the end of the experiments, NO3 ? decreased rapidly and was undetectable in treatments, indicating a strong NO3 ? deficiency associated with an exponential increase in Chl-a concentrations, particulate organic nitrogen, and carbon in these treatments. Moreover, given the depleted nitrate concentrations of the spring and summer experiments, the micro-phytoplankton taxa structure shifted from mixed diatom and dinoflagellate assemblages (Ceratium spp., Dinophysis spp., Coscinodiscus sp., Rhizosolenia pungens) to assemblages dominated by blooms of the classic chain-forming diatoms found in temperate and cold waters such as Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema spp., and Thalassiosira spp. Thus, nitrogen sources (i.e., nitrate, ammonia) may influence phytoplankton abundance and biomass accumulation dynamics in the northern section of Patagonia. It also emphasizes the importance of diatom taxa in regards to the short-term response of phytoplankton to changing environmental nutrient conditions due to natural (decreasing freshwater stream flow) and anthropogenic (aquaculture) events. This situation may be one of the future scenarios in the Patagonian fjords, thus stressing the needs for active environmental monitoring and impact assessment. 相似文献
124.
Padgett PE Meadows D Eubanks E Ryan WE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,144(1-3):93-103
Vehicles traveling on dry, unpaved roads generate copious quantities fugitive dust that contributes to soil erosion, and potentially threatens human health and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to develop a low-cost technique for monitoring road dust that would enable land managers to estimate soil loss. The "sticky-trap" collectors developed were evaluated at the Turkey Bay off-highway vehicle (OHV) riding area on the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, in western Kentucky. The results showed that the dust plume created by vehicle traffic was heterogeneous: larger particles were in the lower part of the plume and deposited closer to the source, smaller particles were carried higher in the plume and traveled at least 100 m away from the source. Collection of particles parallel to the source was also heterogeneous, suggesting that measurements taken at a single point may not be appropriate for estimating erosion losses. Measurements taken along two trails indicate that when large numbers of riders are present, dust concentrations may reach unhealthful conditions for riders, but that it is unlikely that fugitive dust is harming native vegetation, given frequent rainfall. The study demonstrated that OHV traffic contributes to substantial erosion of roadbeds because of aeolian transport. 相似文献
125.
Kramer DB Polasky S Starfield A Palik B Westphal L Snyder S Jakes P Hudson R Gustafson E 《Environmental management》2006,38(3):411-425
Roughly 45% of the assessed lakes in the United States are impaired for one or more reasons. Eutrophication due to excess
phosphorus loading is common in many impaired lakes. Various strategies are available to lake residents for addressing declining
lake water quality, including septic system upgrades and establishing riparian buffers. This study examines 25 lakes to determine
whether septic upgrades or riparian buffers are a more cost-effective strategy to meet a phosphorus reduction target. We find
that riparian buffers are the more cost-effective strategy in every case but one. Large transaction costs associated with
the negotiation and monitoring of riparian buffers, however, may be prohibiting lake residents from implementing the most
cost-effective strategy.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
126.
Zhu X Fan ZT Wu X Meng Q Wang SW Tang X Ohman-Strickland P Georgopoulos P Zhang J Bonanno L Held J Lioy P 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2008,42(32):7329-7338
The spatial variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were characterized in the Village of Waterfront South neighborhood (WFS), a "hot spot" for air toxics in Camden, NJ. This was accomplished by conducting "spatial saturation sampling" for 11 VOCs using 3500 OVM passive samplers at 22 sites in WFS and 16 sites in Copewood/Davis Streets (CDS) neighborhood, an urban reference area located ~1000 m east of the WFS. Sampling durations were 24 and 48 h. For all 3 sampling campaigns (2 in summer and 1 in winter), the spatial variations and median concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (TEX) were found significantly higher (p < 0.05) in WFS than in CDS, where the spatial distributions of these compounds were relatively uniform. The highest concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (maximum of 159 μg m(-3)) were always found at one site close to a car scrapping facility in WFS during each sampling campaign. The spatial variation of benzene in WFS was found to be marginally higher (p = 0.057) than in CDS during one sampling campaign, but similar in the other two sampling periods. The results obtained from the analyses of correlation among all species and the proximity of sampling site to source indicated that local stationary sources in WFS have significant impact on MTBE and BTEX air pollution in WFS, and both mobile sources and some of the stationary sources in WFS contributed to the ambient levels of these species measured in CDS. The homogenous spatial distributions (%RSD < 24%) and low concentrations of chloroform (0.02-0.23 μg m(-3)) and carbon tetrachloride (0.45-0.51 μg m(-3)) indicated no significant local sources in the study areas. Further, results showed that the sampling at the fixed monitoring site may under- or over-estimate air pollutant levels in a "hot spot" area, suggesting that the "spatial saturation sampling" is necessary for conducting accurate assessment of air pollution and personal exposure in a community with a high density of sources. 相似文献
127.
The use of brainstorming techniques for the generation of conceptual models, as the basis for the integrated management of physical-ecological-social systems (PHES-systems) is tested and discussed. The methodology is applied in the analysis of the Aysén fjord and watershed (Southern Chilean Coast). Results show that the proposed methods can be adequately used in management scenarios characterized by highly hierarchical, experts/non-experts membership. 相似文献
128.
Nagler PL Glenn EP Hinojosa-Huerta O Zamora F Howard K 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):864-874
Like other great desert rivers, the Colorado River in the United States and Mexico is highly regulated to provide water for human use. No water is officially allotted to support the natural ecosystems in the delta of the river in Mexico. However, precipitation is inherently variable in this watershed, and from 1981-2004, 15% of the mean annual flow of the Lower Colorado River has entered the riparian corridor below the last diversion point for water in Mexico. These flows include flood releases from US dams and much smaller administrative spills released back to the river from irrigators in the US and Mexico. These flows have germinated new cohorts of native cottonwood and willow trees and have established an active aquatic ecosystem in the riparian corridor in Mexico. We used ground and remote-sensing methods to determine the composition and fractional cover of the vegetation in the riparian corridor, its annual water consumption, and the sources of water that support the ecosystem. The study covered the period 2000-2004, a flood year followed by 4 dry years. The riparian corridor occupies 30,000ha between flood control levees in Mexico. Annual evapotranspiration (ET), estimated by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite imagery calibrated against moisture flux tower data, was about 1.1myr(-1) and was fairly constant throughout the study period despite a paucity of surface flows 2001-2004. Total ET averaged 3.4x10(8)m(3)yr(-1), about 15% of Colorado River water entering Mexico from the US Surface flows could have played only a small part in supporting these high ET losses. We conclude that the riparian ET is supported mainly by the shallow regional aquifer, derived from agricultural return flows, that approaches the surface in the riparian zone. Nevertheless, surface flows are important in germinating cohorts of native trees, in washing salts from the soil and aquifer, and in providing aquatic habitat, thereby enriching the habitat value of the riparian corridor for birds and other wildlife. Conservation and water management strategies to enhance the delta habitats are discussed in light of the findings. 相似文献
129.
This paper examines the factors that affect the adoption of best management practices (BMPs) in Southern Ontario watersheds
using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. A sample of 164 farmers was analyzed and triangulated with the results
from in-depth interviews. The results suggest that farm and personal characteristics affect the adoption rate of BMPs and
there should be financial incentives in order to create an enabling environment that will encourage the adoption of BMPs. 相似文献
130.
A new environmental paradigm has emerged, reflecting a change in the public's understanding of resource sustainability. Forest
policy makers need to be better informed about such changes to achieve economic, social, and environmental objectives in a
manner that balances human needs and aspirations with ecosystem constraints. As an aid to this task, a forest resource accounting
system based on the key concept of natural capital could help reshape forest policies to provide an even wider spectrum of
benefits for both present and future generations by maintaining and enhancing the productive capacity of forest capital. Such
a resource accounting system would provide a tool for integrating multidimensional information requirements in measuring the
health of both forest ecosystems and economic systems. This paper outlines some of the features of this accounting system
and proposes and framework that would integrate economic and ecological characteristics of natural resources. Forest resource
accounting is urgently needed to achieve the sustainability goals of ecosystem management. 相似文献