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41.
Lindsay C. Stringer Andrew J. Dougill Jen C. Dyer Katharine Vincent Florian Fritzsche Julia Leventon Mario Paulo Falcão Pascal Manyakaidze Stephen Syampungani Philip Powell Gabriel Kalaba 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):713-725
Climate compatible development (CCD) has emerged as a new concept that bridges climate change adaptation, mitigation and community-based development. Progress towards CCD requires multi-stakeholder, multi-sector working and the development of partnerships between actors who may not otherwise have worked together. This creates challenges and opportunities that require careful examination at project and institutional levels and necessitates the sharing of experiences between different settings. In this paper, we draw on the outcomes from a multi-stakeholder workshop held in Mozambique in 2012, the final in a series of activities in a regional project assessing emerging CCD partnerships across southern Africa. The workshop involved policymakers, researchers and representatives from NGOs and the private sector. We employ a content analysis of workshop notes and presentations to identify the progress and challenges in moving four case study countries (the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe) towards CCD pathways, by exploring experiences from both project and policy levels. To advance institutional support for the development of successful CCD policies, practices and partnerships, we conclude that there is a need for: (a) institutional development at the national level to strengthen coordination and more clearly define roles and responsibilities across sectors, based on the identification of capacity and knowledge gaps; (b) partnership development, drawing on key strengths and competences of different stakeholders and emphasising the roles of the private sector and traditional authorities; (c) learning and knowledge-sharing through national and regional fora; and (d) development of mechanisms that permit more equitable and transparent distribution of costs and benefits. These factors can facilitate development of multi-stakeholder, multi-level partnerships that are grounded in community engagement from the outset, helping to translate CCD policy statements into on-the-ground action. 相似文献
42.
Edith Guibert Bérénice Prieur Ronan Cariou Frédérique Courant Jean Philippe Antignac Bertrand Pain Jean Pierre Brillard Pascal Froment 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):2771-2783
In recent decades, many toxicological tests based on in vivo or in vitro models, mainly from mammalian (rat–mouse) and fish species, were used to assess the risks raised by contact or ingestion of molecules of pharmaceutical, agricultural, or natural origin. But no, or few, in vitro tests using other non-mammalian models such as bird have been explored despite their advantages: the embryonic gonads of birds have a high plasticity of development sensitive to estrogen, and sperm production is nearly two times faster than in rodents. Hence, we have established an in vitro culture of germ cells and somatic cells from chicken post-natal testis, and we have evaluated the sensitivity against the endocrine disruptor compound mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in comparison to previous studies using rodent and human models. After 96 h of exposure in presence of 10 μM MEHP, chicken seminiferous tubules cultures present a structural alteration, a reduction in cell proliferation and in germ cells population. Apoptosis of germ and somatic cells increases in presence of 1 μM MEHP. Furthermore, MEHP does not affect inhibin B and lactate production by Sertoli cells. These results are in accordance with previous studies using rat, mice, or human culture of testicular cells and in similar range of exposures or even better sensitivity for some “end-points” (biological parameters). In conclusion, the establishment of this postnatal testicular cells culture could be considered as an alternative method to in vivo experiments frequently used for evaluating the impact on the terrestrial wildlife species. This method could be also complementary to mammal model due to the limiting number of animals used and its elevated sensitivity. 相似文献
43.
MacLeod M von Waldow H Tay P Armitage JM Wöhrnschimmel H Riley WJ McKone TE Hungerbuhler K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1442-1445
We present two new software implementations of the BETR Global multimedia contaminant fate model. The model uses steady-state or non-steady-state mass-balance calculations to describe the fate and transport of persistent organic pollutants using a desktop computer. The global environment is described using a database of long-term average monthly conditions on a 15° × 15° grid. We demonstrate BETR Global by modeling the global sources, transport, and removal of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). 相似文献
44.
Isotopes for improved management of nitrate pollution in aqueous resources: review of surface water field studies 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Nestler A Berglund M Accoe F Duta S Xue D Boeckx P Taylor P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(4):519-533
Background
Environmental agencies have to take measures to either reduce discharges and emissions of nitrate or to remediate nitrate-polluted water bodies where the nitrate concentrations exceed threshold values. Isotope data can support the identification of nitrate pollution sources and natural attenuation processes of nitrate. 相似文献45.
Geeta Mehta Amar K. Mohanty Lawrence T. Drzal Donatien Pascal Kamdem Manjusri Misra 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(4):359-368
The durability of biocomposites utilized for building components has been a subject of recent concern and questioning. To address these concerns, the long-term effects of weathering on biocomposites used as building components were evaluated using an accelerated weatherometer. The biocomposite samples were processed by sheet molding compounding (SMC) panel processing and/or compression molding. The accelerated weatherometer served to expose the samples to ultraviolet radiation (UV), condensation, and water spray at levels pertinent to actual conditions: 48 cycles of UV (340 nm) treatment at 60 °C for 2.5 h was followed by water spray for 0.5 h, and then condensation at 45 °C for 24 h. Twelve cycles were repeated in each test, and the total duration for the complete test was 2016 h. Measurements for color, surface roughness test weight change, and dynamical mechanical analysis were taken at regular intervals of time. It was found that the surface roughness increased, as the color changed, and storage modulus decreased with increases in the exposure time of the samples to accelerated weathering conditions, compared to their properties at the beginning of the test. 相似文献
46.
Pascal de Caprariis 《Ecological modelling》1981,12(4):213-219
An exact solution has been obtained for a non-linear partial differential equation governing the vertical transport of heat in a lake. The equation, derived and analyzed numerically by Sundaram and Rehm (1971, 1973) is based on a balance between thermal buoyany forces and wind induced turbulence. The exact solution displays the qualitative features of the numerical solution and its representation of the seasonal descent of the thermocline is accurate. 相似文献
47.
Estienney Marie Daval-Frerot Philippe Aho-Glélé Ludwig-Serge Piroth Lionel Stabile Pascal Gerbet Jean-Yves Rouleau Romain de Rougemont Alexis Belliot Gaël 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):217-221
Food and Environmental Virology - Disinfection of hospital facilities and ambulances is an important issue for breaking the chain of transmission of viral pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide has provided... 相似文献
48.
Ulysse Lefèvre Andrea Cau Aude Cincotta Dongyu Hu Anusuya Chinsamy François Escuillié Pascal Godefroit 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(9-10):74
Genuine fossils with exquisitely preserved plumage from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of northeastern China have recently revealed that bird-like theropod dinosaurs had long pennaceous feathers along their hindlimbs and may have used their four wings to glide or fly. Thus, it has been postulated that early bird flight might initially have involved four wings (Xu et al. Nature 421:335–340, 2003; Hu et al. Nature 461:640–643, 2009; Han et al. Nat Commun 5:4382, 2014). Here, we describe Serikornis sungei gen. et sp. nov., a new feathered theropod from the Tiaojishan Fm (Late Jurassic) of Liaoning Province, China. Its skeletal morphology suggests a ground-dwelling ecology with no flying adaptations. Our phylogenetic analysis places Serikornis, together with other Late Jurassic paravians from China, as a basal paravians, outside the Eumaniraptora clade. The tail of Serikornis is covered proximally by filaments and distally by slender rectrices. Thin symmetrical remiges lacking barbules are attached along its forelimbs and elongate hindlimb feathers extend up to its toes, suggesting that hindlimb remiges evolved in ground-dwelling maniraptorans before being co-opted to an arboreal lifestyle or flight. 相似文献
49.
Jean-Luc Volumenie Pascal de Lagausie Jean Guibourdenche Jean-François Oury Edith Vuillard Carole Saizou Dominique Luton 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(13):1171-1174
This study aimed to analyse the influence of amnio-infusion on superior mesenteric Doppler velocimetry and to correlate Doppler data with outcome in fetuses presenting with gastroschisis. Umbilical and intra- and extra-abdominal superior mesenteric artery Doppler velocimetry was measured prospectively before and after amnio-infusion in fetuses with gastroschisis. Doppler index values and changes were correlated with the following outcome parameters: importance of fibrous coating, duration of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, total duration of hospitalization, duration of parenteral feeding, duration of ventilatory assistance, and the interval to initiation of oral feeding. A significant improvement of diastolic flow was observed in the extra-abdominal superior mesenteric artery with amnio-infusion. No similar change was seen in the intra-abdominal superior mesenteric or in the umbilical artery. Pre-amnioinfusion extra-abdominal mesenteric Doppler index was correlated with maximal diameter of exteriorized bowel and slightly with duration of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, but no other relation between Doppler index and outcome parameter could be ascertained. Amnio-infusion induces modifications in the vascularization of exteriorized bowel in gastroschisis. This could partly explain the beneficial effect of this procedure on fetal gut. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.
Pascal Godefroit Lina Golovneva Sergei Shchepetov Géraldine Garcia Pavel Alekseev 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(4):495-501
A latest Cretaceous (68 to 65 million years ago) vertebrate microfossil assemblage discovered at Kakanaut in northeastern
Russia reveals that dinosaurs were still highly diversified in Arctic regions just before the Cretaceous–Tertiary mass extinction
event. Dinosaur eggshell fragments, belonging to hadrosaurids and non-avian theropods, indicate that at least several latest
Cretaceous dinosaur taxa could reproduce in polar region and were probably year-round residents of high latitudes. Palaeobotanical
data suggest that these polar dinosaurs lived in a temperate climate (mean annual temperature about 10°C), but the climate
was apparently too cold for amphibians and ectothermic reptiles. The high diversity of Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs in high
latitudes, where ectotherms are absent, strongly questions hypotheses according to which dinosaur extinction was a result
of temperature decline, caused or not by the Chicxulub impact. 相似文献