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81.
Flament P Mattielli N Aimoz L Choël M Deboudt K de Jong J Rimetz-Planchon J Weis D 《Chemosphere》2008,73(11):1793-1798
A study on tropospheric aerosols involving Fe particles with an industrial origin is tackled here. Aerosols were collected at the largest exhausts of a major European steel metallurgy plant and around its near urban environment. A combination of bulk and individual particle analysis performed by SEM–EDX provides the chemical composition of Fe-bearing aerosols emitted within the factory process (hematite, magnetite and agglomerates of these oxides with sylvite (KCl), calcite (CaCO3) and graphite carbon). Fe isotopic compositions of those emissions fall within the range (0.08‰ < δ56Fe < +0.80‰) of enriched ores processed by the manufacturer (−0.16‰ < δ56Fe < +1.19‰). No significant evolution of Fe fractionation during steelworks processes is observed. At the industrial source, Fe is mainly present as oxide particles, to some extent in 3–4 μm aggregates. In the close urban area, 5 km away from the steel plant, individual particle analysis of collected aerosols presents, in addition to the industrial particle type, aluminosilicates and related natural particles (gypsum, quartz, calcite and reacted sea salt). The Fe isotopic composition (δ56Fe = 0.14 ± 0.11‰) measured in the close urban environment of the steel metallurgy plant appears coherent with an external mixing of industrial and continental Fe-containing tropospheric aerosols, as evidenced by individual particle chemical analysis. Our isotopic data provide a first estimation of an anthropogenic source term as part of the study of photochemically promoted dissolution processes and related Fe fractionations in tropospheric aerosols. 相似文献
82.
Currently, vehicle-related particulate matter is the main determinant air pollution in the urban environment. This study was designed to investigate the level of fine (PM2.5) and coarse particle (PM10) concentration of roadside vehicles in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia using artificial neural network model. To train, test and validate the model, the traffic volume, weather data and particulate matter concentrations were collected from 15 different sites in the city. The experimental results showed that the city average 24-hr PM2.5 concentration is 13%–144% and 58%–241% higher than air quality index (AQI) and world health organization (WHO) standards, respectively. The PM10 results also exceeded the AQI (54%–65%) and WHO (8%–395%) standards. The model runs using the Levenberg-Marquardt (Trainlm) and the Scaled Conjugate Gradient (Trainscg) and comparison were performed, to identify the minimum fractional error between the observed and the predicted value. The two models were determined using the correlation coefficient and other statistical parameters. The Trainscg model, the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 exhaust emission correlation coefficient were predicted to be (R2 = 0.775) and (R2 = 0.92), respectively. The Trainlm model has also well predicted the exhaust emission of PM2.5 (R2 = 0.943) and PM10 (R2 = 0.959). The overall results showed that a better correlation coefficient obtained in the Trainlm model, could be considered as optional methods to predict transport-related particulate matter concentration emission using traffic volume and weather data for Ethiopia cities and other countries that have similar geographical and development settings. 相似文献
83.
The behaviour of 4,4′-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl (DSBP), a fluorescent whitening agent, was investigated in the presence of Fe(III) aquacomplexes at room temperature. In the dark, a two-step reaction was observed when adding Fe(III) to a solution of DSBP: an initial fast redox reaction between DSBP and the monomeric species Fe(OH)2+ and a slower reaction leading to the coagulation of oxidised DSBP and iron. This phenomenon is due to the formation of a complex or an ion-pair between Fe(II) and/or Fe(III) with oxidised DSBP and it probably occurs by charge neutralisation in our experimental conditions. The precipitation of DSBP depends on the initial concentration in Fe(OH)2+ and is achieved for a ratio [Fe(OH) 2+]/[DSBP] of 5 approximately. Under irradiation at 365 nm, a complicated behaviour was observed: a complexation of iron by oxidised DSBP favoured by irradiation and a degradation of DSBP induced by an intramolecular electron transfer in the complex or by a photoredox of Fe(OH)2+ species generating OH radicals in the supernatant. The complete degradation of DSBP is reached four times faster in the presence of Fe(III) with respect to the direct photolysis of DSBP alone. Moreover, the total mineralization of DSBP obtained in less than 120 h upon irradiation at 365 nm is only observed in the presence of the ferric ions, enlightening the efficiency of the method involving Fe(III) and UV irradiation. 相似文献
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Gábor Árpád Czirják Péter László Pap Csongor István Vágási Mathieu Giraudeau Cosmin Mureşan Pascal Mirleau Philipp Heeb 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(2):145-151
The preen gland is a holocrine sebaceous gland of the avian integument which produces an oily secretion that is spread on the plumage during preening. It has been suggested that birds may defend themselves against feather-degrading bacteria (FDB) and other potential pathogens using preen gland secretions. However, besides some in vitro studies, the in vivo bacterial inhibitory effects of the preen oil on the abundance of feather-associated bacterial species has not yet been studied in passerines. Here we tested the effect of gland removal on the abundance of FDB and other-cultivable bacterial loads (OCB) of male house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Our results did not support earlier results on in vitro antibacterial activity of preen oil against FDB since the absence of the preen gland did not significantly affect their loads related to the control birds. In contrast, we found that preen gland removal led to higher loads of OCB. This result suggests that the antimicrobial spectrum of the preen oil is broader than previously thought and that, by reducing the overall feather bacterial loads, the preen gland could help birds to protect themselves against a variety of potentially harmful bacteria. 相似文献
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Edouard Kauffmann Horatiu Roman Georges Barau Hervé Dumas Annick Laffitte Alain Fourmaintraux Marc Bintner Hanitra Randrianaivo 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(2):163-165
The Jarcho–Levin syndrome is a specific form of spondylocostal/spondylothoracic dysostosis. There have been various classifications of this syndrome. We present the case of a severe prenatal Jarcho–Levin syndrome, diagnosed by ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy in a family with no previous medical history of an affected child. X-ray exploration, high-resolution spiral computed tomography and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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