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801.
802.
This study investigates the feeding behaviour of the precious red coral Corallium rubrum on bacterioplankton. The effects of flow rate, prey concentration, and seawater temperature were tested. The results obtained
show that C. rubrum was able to prey on both pico- and nanoplankton cells. Flagellates constituted the major bacterioplankton food source in
terms of carbon and nitrogen, representing from 43 to 70% of the C and N ingested. Flow speed (2, 6, and 11 cm s−1) had no effect on grazing rates, maybe due to the small size of the ingested particles. Conversely, feeding rates increased
with prey concentration and seawater temperature. There was a doubling of the picoplankton ingestion rate for a sixfold increase
in its concentration. The ingestion of autotrophic flagellates, however, increased at the same time as their concentration,
indicating a preference for this type of food. Considering the range of concentrations typically found in the Ligurian Sea,
the ingestion of pico- and nanoplankton brings 148 ng C polyp−1 day−1 and 28 ng N polyp−1 day−1. This type of food represents only ca. 4.5% of the total carbon gained by C. rubrum from the different sources, but might be the most important in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential elements. 相似文献
803.
Method for Selection of Old-Forest Reserves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
804.
Paula C. Díaz Christoph Grüter Walter M. Farina 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(10):1589-1597
Floral scents are important information cues used to organize foraging-related tasks in honeybees. The waggle dance, apart
from encoding spatial information about food sources, might facilitate the transfer of olfactory information by increasing
the dissipation of volatiles brought back by successful foragers. By assuming that food scents are more intensive on specific
body parts of returning foragers, i.e., the posterior legs of pollen foragers and mouthparts of nectar foragers, we quantified
the interactions between hive mates and foragers during dances advertising different types of food sources. For natural sources,
a higher proportion of hive mates contacted the hind legs of pollen dancers (where the pollen loads were located) with their
heads compared to non-pollen dancers. On the other hand, the proportion of head-to-head contacts was higher for non-pollen
foragers during the waggle runs. When the food scent was manipulated, dancers collecting scented sugar solution had a higher
proportion of head-to-head contacts and a lower proportion around their hind legs compared to dancers collecting unscented
solution. The presence of food odors did not affect in-hive behaviors of dancers, but it increased the number of trophallaxes
in-between waggle runs (i.e., during circle phases). These results suggest that the honeybee dance facilitates the olfactory
information transfer between incoming foragers and hive mates, and we propose that excitatory displays in other social insect
species serve the same purpose. While recent empirical and theoretical findings suggested that the colony level foraging benefits
of the spatial information encoded in the waggle dance vary seasonally and with habitats, the role of the dance as a compound
signal not only indicating the presence of a profitable resource but also amplifying the information transfer regarding floral
odors may be important under any ecological circumstances. 相似文献
805.
In the course of a 2-year predictive testing programme for Huntington's disease (HD), six couples from a total of 52 applicants requested prenatal testing. In each case, the pregnancy was in the first or second trimester when the couples were referred for DNA diagnosis. In five cases, exclusion testing was offered; in one case, a person at risk with an increased risk of being a gene carrier requested prenatal diagnosis. In all cases, informative markers for prenatal testing could be determined. Whenever possible, the newer technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for D4S125 was applied to perform rapid prenatal diagnosis. Two couples withdrew before chorionic villus sampling was undertaken; prenatal diagnosis was completed in the remaining four cases. After exclusion testing, two pregnancies were determined to have an increased risk and two fetuses to have a low risk of being HD gene carriers. 相似文献
806.
Marybeth Buechner Christine Schonewald-Cox Raymond Sauvajot Bruce A. Wilcox 《Environmental management》1992,16(6):799-809
In recent years, cross-boundary management has become an essential part of park management. In this article we compare the
perspectives of managers of several US national parks to the advice on this issue presented in the published literature. Data
were obtained from interviews of the superintendents, assistant superintendents and resources managers of five major western
national parks and from a survey of participants in a NPS workshop attended by park superintendents, scientists, and resource
managers; law enforcement personnel; and interpreters. Three themes related to boundary management were consistently stressed
by park managers: (10 a lack of sufficient funds and personnel within the parks; (2) the need for reliable information on
both political and natural processes; and, (3) the importance of personal interactions between park staff and individuals
from the surrounding area. Basic data collection, the documentation of trends, cooperative groups and personal contacts, educational
programs, and land acquisition were the most useful strategies. A lack of funds and information, ineffective communication,
enforcement problems, and a lack of motivation for parties to reach a negotiated agreement were the most serious obstacles.
A wide range of valuable institutional knowledge concerning boundary management exists within the National Park Service; however,
there appears to be a gap between published strategies and the approaches that work “on the ground”. 相似文献
807.
808.
809.
Vanina Pasqualini Christine Pergent-Martini Gérard Pergent 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1998,4(1):59-66
The beds ofPosidonia oceanica, a marine vascular plant species endemic to the Mediterranean, form a major Mediterranean marine ecosystem. These beds are
well-developed along the sandy east coast of Corsica, where the continental shelf is wide and extends for ca. 100 km. The
upper limit of this ecosystem has been mapped by means of a computer image processing technique using 1/20 000 colour photographs.
One of the major problems for image processing in the marine environment is the impact of the water layer (of variable thickness
and quality), which can result in variations of the spectral signature for a particular vegetation or bottom type. In an attempt
to reduce the impact of this artefact, a processing technique that takes into account bathymetric factors has been tested.
Cartographical data obtained for an area extending from Bastia to Solenzara are presented. In the vicinity of the mouths of
coastal rivers, a systematic indentation of the upper limit of the seagrass beds has been revealed. On the basis of these
results, local variations in the quality of the marine environment can be detected, in particular with regard to salinity,
turbidity and/or the impact of sedimentation. The overall surface area of thePosidonia oceanica beds has also been calculated. 相似文献
810.
N. Gruchy F. Vialard E. Blondeel N. Le Meur G. Joly-Hélas P. Chambon M. Till M. Herbaut-Graux A. Vigouroux-Castera A. Coussement J. Lespinasse F. Amblard M. Jimenez L. Lebel Roy Camille F. Carré-Pigeon E. Flori F. Mugneret S. Jaillard C. Yardin R. Harbuz M. Collonge Rame P. Vago M. Valduga N. Leporrier 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(12):1133-1138