Mercury concentrations in the surface sediments of the intertidal area along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Total mercury (Hg) levels in the intertidal surface sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were analysed by using heat vaporization method. Total Hg levels in these sediments ranged from 3.00 to 201?µg?kg^?1 dry weight with a mean concentration of 60.0?µg?kg^?1 dry weight. More than 90% of the samples studied have the total Hg concentrations less than 150?µg?kg^?1 dry weight. Compare with the regional data and sediment quality guidelines, the Hg contamination in the intertidal area along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia was not serious, except for a few sites that might have received anthropogenic Hg in the samples collected between 1999 and 2000. It is suggested that a similar study of heavy metals in the sediments of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia be conducted regularly.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and dust from plastic production and surrounding areas in eastern of China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of organic pollutants. They are used as flame retardants that caused worldwide environmental concern. This study investigated the occurrence of PBDEs in soils and dusts from three plastic manufacture plants and surrounding areas in Eastern China. A total of 13 PBDE congeners were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (electron impact ionization). The total concentrations of PBDEs range from 2.21 to 558, 19.7–4916, and 8.70–18,451 ng/g dry weight in the soils of three sampling areas, with mean of 1004 ng/g d w; in dusts, the concentrations range from 7240 to 10,469, 684–4482, and 193–3989 ng/g d w, with an overall mean of 3619 ng/g d w. The most abundant congener is the BDE-209, followed by BDE-153 and BDE-85. This indicates that the brominated flame retardant added in the plastic manufacture is mainly the commodity decabromodiphenyl ether. In comparison with other polluted areas around the world, the PBDE concentrations in the soils of the plastic manufacture plants are similar to those in soils of waste plastic disposal areas and PBDEs production sites, but orders of magnitude higher than those in agricultural soils, mountain soils and rural soils. Daily exposure was estimated using the average concentrations of the pollution sites. The hazard quotient shows that the PBDEs pose considerable human health risks, especially to children, to which attention should be paid.

     

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment

Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.     

土体环境对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积加固海相粉土的影响研究

生物地基处理技术利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积来加固土体,符合环境保护和可持续发展的要求,具有良好的发展前景。目前已取得的研究成果主要是针对简单离子化学环境下的松散砂土,对不同环境下的细粒土研究的较少。以江苏东部沿海地区的海相吹填粉土为研究对象,选用巴氏芽孢杆菌进行微生物注浆试验,定量分析温度、pH值、氯化盐含量、土体中胶结阳离子含量等土中的环境因素对加固效果的影响规律。结果表明:随着温度的升高、试样中生成的碳酸钙增加,但无侧限抗压强度并不是呈现出一直提高的趋势,而是存在一个峰值。偏碱性的环境有利于巴氏芽孢杆菌的工作,但过高的pH值会影响加固效果。土中的氯化盐含量过高时会抑制细菌的活性从而对加固产生不利影响。土中的胶结阳离子含量对微生物注浆的影响很小,可忽略不计。本次试验研究结果能为现场环境下采用MICP技术加固粉土提供有效的依据。     

回填土钻孔灌注桩-承台混凝土水化作用效应现场试验

混凝土早期水化作用释放大量热量,会引起桩身温度和桩身应力变化,从而影响桩基承载性能。通过开展现场试验,研究回填土地基中钻孔灌注桩-承台混凝土水化热对桩身及桩基周围土体的影响,实测并分析了桩身及桩基周围土体温度随时间、深度的变化规律和桩基应力随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明,试桩混凝土浇筑完成后,0.7 d时桩体不同深度处的温度均达到最大值,21.4d时其温度基本稳定;桩体温度随时间变化规律可分为快速上升、快速下降、缓慢降低和基本稳定4个阶段。承台混凝土水化热效应仅对桩基周围浅层土体温度有一定影响,当深度大于3 m时,其对土体的温度作用效应基本可以忽略。桩基约束应力变化表现为先迅速增长再缓慢下降最终趋于稳定,最大约束应力值与混凝土轴心抗拉强度十分接近。     

Using T-RFLP technology to analyze bacterial diversity in the rhizospheric soils of tea tree at different ages北大核心CSCD

The rhizospheric soils of Tieguanyin at different ages were used as the study materials, and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to analyze the changes in bacterial diversity. The results showed that the number of T-RFs, Simpson index, and Shannon index decreased significantly with the age of the tea tree. Results of correlation analysis showed that 9 T-RFs from the bacterial community were significantly and positively correlated with the age of the tea tree, and included 34 species of microbes belonging to 10 classes. The 34 microbes were divided into 6 types according to their functional attributes, and included pathogenic bacteria, bacteria that improved soil texture or inhibited pathogenic bacteria, and bacteria associated with the carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur cycles, in which the percentage of pathogenic bacteria was 58.82%. Seventeen T-RFs were significantly and negatively correlated with the age of the tea tree, and included 38 species of bacteria belonging to 12 classes. The 38 bacterial species were divided into 5 types according to their functional attributes, and included pathogenic bacteria, bacteria that improved soil quality or inhibited pathogenic bacteria, and bacteria associated with the carbon cycle or nitrogen cycle, in which all the others, barring the pathogenic bacteria, accounted for 78.95% of the bacterial population. In brief, the diversity and function of bacteria in the rhizospheric soil of tea tree changed significantly with the age of the tea tree, which provides a theoretical basis for studying the interactions of bacterial communities. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

A non-negative and high-resolution finite volume method for the depth-integrated solute transport equation using an unstructured triangular mesh

This paper proposes a new high-resolution finite volume method for solving the two-dimensional (2D) solute transport equation using an unstructured mesh. A new simple r-factor algorithm is introduced into the Total Variation Diminishing flux limiter to achieve a more efficient yet accurate high-resolution scheme for solving the advection term. To avoid the physically-meaningless negative solutions resulted from using the Green–Gauss theorem, a nonlinear two-point flux approximation scheme is adopted to deal with the anisotropic diffusion term. The developed method can be readily coupled with a two-dimensional finite-volume-based flow models under unstructured triangular mesh. By integrating with the ELCIRC flow model, the proposed method was verified using three idealized benchmark cases (i.e., advection of a circle-shaped solute field, advection in a cyclogenesis flow field and transport of a initially square-shaped solute plume), and further applied to simulate the non-reactive solute transport process driven by irregular tides in the Deep Bay, eastern Pearl River Estuary of China. These cases are also simulated by models using other existing methods, including different r-factor for advection term and the Green–Gauss theorem for diffusion term. The comparison between the results from the new method and those from other existing methods demonstrated the new method could describe advection induced concentration shock and discontinuities, and anisotropic diffusion at high resolution without providing spurious oscillations and negative values.     

蒸发浓缩-焚烧法处理高浓度医药中间体废液方案设计

以蒸发浓缩-焚烧法处理化工厂高浓度医药中间体废液,介绍了蒸发浓缩-焚烧法处理工艺流程、主要设备与运行经济成本。该技术可有效处理超高浓度有机废水,有着很好的借鉴作用。     

NKA—Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂吸附高浓度苯胺溶液的试验研究

本文利用ＮＫＡ－Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂对高浓度苯胺溶液进行了静态吸附试验,希望利用大孔吸附树脂从化工废水中回收苯胺。