PbO2电极的改性及其在难降解有机废水电化学处理中的应用

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术,其应用的关键是开发出高效、稳定、低成本的电极材料.PbO2电极在工业领域具有广泛的应用基础,具有较高的析氧电势和电催化活性,被认为在电化学处理难降解有机废水方面有重要的应用前景.本文对PbO2电极制备方法与改性以及在难降解有机废水电化学处理中应用的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域今后的发展趋势进行了分析.     

纳米TiO2薄膜在不同陶瓷表面的负载及其光催化性能研究

利用2种不同表面处理的陶瓷作为载体,用溶胶凝胶法在其表面进行了纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的负载.采用X射线衍射法(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对薄膜的粒径、横断面及表面组成进行了表征和分析,结果表明,TiO2的平均粒径约为15 nm,釉面陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布均匀,膜厚约为300 nm;无釉陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布不均,膜层不明显;2种载体中的一些基质离子在TiO2薄膜有渗透.苯酚的降解实验表明,以2种不同表面处理的陶瓷为载体的TiO2薄膜对苯酚的降解均符合一级反应动力学,就催化活性而言,TiO2/釉面陶瓷＞TiO2/无釉陶瓷,分析认为基质渗透的Ca2 有降低TiO2光催化活性的作用;该薄膜对实际生产多菌灵废水具有催化降解作用.重复降解实验20次,TiO2/釉面陶瓷和TiO2/无釉陶瓷对苯酚的去除率仅分别降低9%和6%.     

化学危险品专用槽车停放区域防雷防静电安全措施

1 化工专用线化工罐车停放现状 齐鲁石化储运厂铁路线正式投用于1987年5月,东接东风站,西接湖田站。现有铁路牵引动力设备DF7A型内燃机车6台,东风7G型机车1台,机车最大功率为1840kW,主要负责厂内调车作业和取送车作业。目前储运厂在用自备罐车445辆,其中：G60 151辆;G60（甘油、环氧）16辆;G11 189辆;G17 40辆;GY 49辆。运送的液体化工产品有苯类、醇类、石脑油、轻油、焦油、液化石油气等。     

属性识别理论模型在福州市大气环境质量评价中的应用

阐述了评价大气环境质量的属性识别法,介绍了属性识别理论模型和属性权重的确定方法,并根据GB3095-1996《大气环境质量标准》,采用属性识别理论模型对福州市2001年至2006年的大气环境质量进行了综合评价。结果表明：福州市的大气环境质量2001年是Ⅱ级,2002至2006福州的大气环境质量均为Ⅰ级。属性识别理论概念清晰,计算简单,评价结果比较客观。使属性识别理论模型在大气环境质量综合评价方面取得了较好的运用。     

高层建筑水箱浸出有机物的GC/MS分析

采用高分子大网状吸附树脂(XAD)富集技术和GC/MS方法,对国内七种材料的水箱浸出有机物进行了分析,共计检出有机物百余种.根据测定结果可以判定,作为水箱的材质和涂料,水泥、SHZ-90瓷釉和玻璃钢是比较好的,其次为环氧树脂;聚胺酯和“青凝”涂料配方中都存在较大问题,应进一步改进;防锈漆问题最多,效果最差,应逐步淘汰.这一工作为合理地选择水箱材料和二次加压高层建筑供水设施的卫生学评价提供了科学依据.     

折流式水解反应器处理印染废水温影响研究

在水温为5℃、9．7℃、14．9℃、19．7℃、23．5℃和31．1℃6种温度的条件下，应用折流式水解反应器对印染废水进行水解试验研究。结果表明，提高水温可增大COD、色度及UVA254的去除效率，相应的ORP值变小，pH值升高，水解程度加深。水温5℃时，水解效果较差；水温在10—23．5℃内，水解效果相对较好，31．1℃水解效果最好，研究结果能为工程应用提供一定的参考。     

关于环境监测报告(表)中有关数字表达问题的探讨

对环境质量公报中的数字表达时数位太多，不利于简明扼要地表达各类监测结果这一问题进行了探讨，笔者根据国家标准在数字用法方面的一些规定结合环境监测实际情况，提出了如下建议：化验室等原始记录中分析结果的数字表达应根据具体监测项目规定的标准分析方法的检测限所规定的数字精度来表达，而在报出结果时应根据各分析项目的质量标准指标确定的表达方式（关键是有效数字的位数）来表达。     

Comparison of epidemiology and injury profile between vulnerable road users and motor vehicle occupants in road traffic fatalities

Objective: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major global health issue causing a global burden of mortality and morbidity. Half of all fatalities on the world’s roads are vulnerable road users (VRUs). The targeted intervention strategies based on fatality analysis focusing on VRUs can effectively contribute to reducing RTIs. This study aimed to compare VRUs and motor vehicle occupants (MVOs) in terms of epidemiology and injury profile.

Methods: We utilized a nationwide, prospective database of RTI-related mortality cases for patients who visited 23 emergency departments between January 2011 and December 2015. All fatalities due to RTIs in the prehospital phase or in-hospital were eligible, excluding patients with unknown mode of transport and those admitted to general wards. The primary and secondary outcomes were fracture injuries and visceral injuries diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). We compared fracture injuries between VRUs and MVOs using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2? and 2+ classification.

Results: Among a total 3,694 road traffic fatalities (RTFs), 43.3% were pedestrians, followed by MVOs (27.0%), motorcyclists (18.9), bicyclists (6.6%), and agricultural vehicle users (4.2%). The elderly (>60 years old) accounted for 54.9% of VRU fatalities. RTFs occurred most frequently in the autumn and the VRU group and the MVO group showed significant differences in weekly and diurnal variation in RTFs. The injury severities (AIS 2+) of the head, neck, and thorax were significantly different between the 2 groups (P?Conclusions: Elderly pedestrians should be targeted for decreases in RTFs, and road traffic safety interventions for VRUs should be made based on the analysis of temporal epidemiology and injury profiles of RTFs.     

北戴河鸟类生境分析及保护对策

北戴河及相邻地区的鸟类种数繁多,约有409种,其中属国家一类保护鸟类的有12种,二类保护鸟类的有49种。分析其原因,一是北戴河位于中国东部候鸟迁徙的停歇地;二是生境复杂多样,环境质量优良。为保护鸟类及其生境,应制定并实施相应的地方法规和经济技术政策,建立并完善自然保护区,开展宣传教育,动员公众参与。     

Low-temperature VOCs oxidation performance of Pt/zeolites catalysts with hierarchical pore structure

Different zeolites supported Pt catalysts with micro-mesoporous structure were prepared by organic base tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) treatment and their catalytic oxidation activity for various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated. The results reveal that the synergistic effect between Pt nanoparticles and surface acid sites plays an important role in VOCs low-temperature removal. The small size and high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of the zeolites would promote the catalytic oxidation of aromatics and alkanes over the Pt/zeolite catalysts, while strong acidity and abundant acid sites of catalysts are in favour of the oxidation of the VOCs containing N and O heteroatoms. In addition, it was found that Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibits the highest oxidation activity for various VOCs low-temperature removal amongst all the catalysts due to the balance of both Pt dispersion and abundant acid sites in the catalyst. This comprehensive consideration should be very helpful when designing and preparing novel catalysts for the low-temperature removal of VOCs.