秦皇岛市气候变化对可持续发展的影响及对策

秦皇岛市46年来气候变暖变干,年平均气温提高1.8℃,≥10℃年积温增加11.4％,无霜期延长22天,但年平均降水量却减少11.5％。这对农业和工业的影响弊大于利,对旅游业的影响则有利有弊。为此应趋利避害,加强水资源的开源节流,发展节水经济和循环经济,发展休闲度假旅游,延长旺季。     

空气氧化法处理含SO3^2—废水

本文通过作者在日本研修期间的实验,对无机废水中SO_3~(2-)的空气氧化处理法作了探讨,并提出了几个表达式,供同行参考。这种方法能在较短时间内处理大量废水,而且操作简便,易于推广。     

地壳突发性放气与水灾行为关系的研究

本文阐述了由于１９９４年９月１４日台湾海峡７．３级地震孕震应力场作用而引起大面积突发性放气，导致１９９４年第２４号台风行为不规律的机制。地震本身可给人类造成灾难，而在某些条件下也可能引起其它灾难。     

1954、1998年长江两次特大洪灾形成原因及防治对策初探

１９９８ 年长江中下游地区发生的特大洪水具有洪水水位高、洪量大、历时长的特点, 这次洪水灾害造成的直接经济损失超过了２ ０００ 亿元。本文在长江上中游地区降水量总量及强度超常、长江上中下游洪水遭遇严重、分洪区没能发挥作用等洪灾形成主要原因进行分析的基础上, 提出了加大对影响长江流域灾变性气候的研究、调整江湖水系结构、加强区域间防洪的协调和协作等对策建议。     

土壤氧化还原电位测定方法的探讨与研究

是选用铂电极直接测定法来测定土壤的氧化还原电位,该方法是采用铂电极作为氧化还原电极,饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,两者之间存在电位差的原理而测得的。通过大量的试验数据,表明该方法是简便易行的,对于一般的土壤都有实际参考价值。最后,对此过程中遇到的问题进行了深入的探讨和研究,并提出了具体解决方案。     

粉煤灰制备聚氯化铝活化预处理工艺研究

在利用粉煤灰作为原料制备聚氯化铝（PAC）絮凝剂实验过程中,重点研究粉煤灰的预处理工艺。分别选用氯化钠和盐酸作为预处理剂,采用湿法混合和焙烧进行活化对比实验,运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析和PAC产品性能测定方法,得出盐酸为最优的预处理活化剂。粉煤灰经盐酸活化焙烧后,所制备的PAC的Al2O3含量达到了27.4%,其对生活污水的浊度去除率达到94.7%,化学需氧量（COD）去除率达到87.6%。     

Dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium leei</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) from Singapore coastal waters produces a water-soluble ichthyotoxin

A strain of Alexandrium leei Balech that was isolated in October 2002 from Singapore coastal waters and identified by light and scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis using LSU rDNA sequences, is toxic to Asian sea bass fingerlings (Lates calcarifer Bloch). The ichthyotoxicity of the algal cells obtained by filtration (15 μm mesh net) and rinsed with sterile culture medium indicated that the toxicity of A. leei was probably not due to bacterial contamination, which was further supported by a negative correlation between the time to death of the fish and the dosage of algal cells applied. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) could not be detected indicating that PST was not the cause of fish mortality. Fish bioassays using frozen culture, heat-treated cultures, cell-free culture medium, and hexane, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of algal cells indicated that A. leei produces a heat-stable, polar ichthyotoxin(s) which can be released from the algal cells into the culture medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU rDNA sequences of A. leei confirmed its identification and indicated that the Singapore strain is more similar to isolates from Malaysia than to a geographically distant strain from Korea. This is the first evidence of icthyotoxin production by A. leei.     

Morphological and molecular comparisons of dominant amphioxus populations in the China Seas

The amphioxi Branchiostoma belcheri, Branchiostoma japonicum and Branchiostoma malayanum are recorded from the coast of China Seas. Six amphioxus populations comprising three Branchiostoma species collected from Hong Kong (southern China), Xiamen (south-eastern China) and Qingdao (northern China) were compared at the morphological and molecular levels. Phylogenetic separations among the species and geographic populations were evaluated by the analysis of 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. From morphological characters, B. belcheri is more closely related to B. japonicum than to B. malayanum. However, phylogenetic affinities indicated by both 12S rRNA gene sequences and AFLP analysis showed a more recent phylogenetic splitting of B. belcheri and B. malayanum than that of B. belcheri and B. japonicum. In the AFLP similarity tree, geographic populations of B. japonicum were clustered into different clades. The AFLP data also showed that both B. belcheri and B. japonicum populations in Hong Kong have the highest levels of within-population genetic diversity as compared to that in Xiamen and Qingdao, suggesting that genetic diversity of Branchiostoma decreases from low to high latitudes. Results of hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also revealed a high level of genetic diversity either for the three B. japonicum populations or the two B. belcheri populations in China Seas. However, genetic variation among the three B. japonicum populations was insignificant, indicating that these populations are genetically connected.     

电感耦合等离子体—质谱法测定成人脏器样品中痕量稀土元素的研究

本文采用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法对成人脏器样品中痕量稀土元素进行了研究，选择了测定的最佳仪器参数，检查了测定中的各种干扰和影响；用铼（Ｒｅ）为内标元素补偿基体抑制效应和灵敏度的漂移。方法对稀土元素各分量的检出限为０．００５－０．０２６ｎｇ．ｍ１＾－１，标准回收率为９２．９－１１１．３％，精密度为０．９６－３．０７％。在严格分析质量控制的基础上用混合酸消解样品，不须分离富集，直接对成人的心、脾、肝、肾、肺肉中     

Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al13

In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al₁₃, Nano-Al₁₃ was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) solutions which had the same Al₁₃ percentage but different total Al concentrations, by using column chromatography, ethanol-acetone resolving and SO^2? ₄/Ba²⁺ displacement. The Al₁₃ species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and ²⁷Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000 (PDA2000). The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations, while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations. The SO₄ ^2?/Ba²⁺ displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations. However, extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color. The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl₃ because the Nano-Al₁₃ conformation is more effective in charge neutralization.