空气氧化法处理含SO3^2—废水

本文通过作者在日本研修期间的实验,对无机废水中SO_3~(2-)的空气氧化处理法作了探讨,并提出了几个表达式,供同行参考。这种方法能在较短时间内处理大量废水,而且操作简便,易于推广。     

炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究

以一种特种陶瓷--炻器为载体,分别用负载TiO2光催化薄膜和添加抗菌剂的方法进行炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究.结果表明,在紫外光和日光下,表面负载了TiO2膜的炻器灭菌率分别为90%和88%,均高于未负载TiO2膜的炻器,且灭菌率随光强的增加而提高.复合银盐显示了很好的杀菌效果,当釉表层银含量为0.2%时,24 h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为94.6%、总大肠菌群为96.9%.复合锌盐也有一定的灭菌效果,当釉表层锌含量为1.1%时,24 h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为56.8%,总大肠菌群为59.3%.但将TiO2粉末加入炻器表层的釉中,却未显示灭菌作用.对掺杂的炻器表面层成分和掺杂后Ag 、Zn2 的溶出量进行了测定,对灭菌结果和机理也进行了讨论.     

环境内分泌干扰物诱发小鼠睾丸细胞DNA损伤的研究

应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术技术，研究了烷基酚类化合物对离体小鼠睾丸细胞DNA的损伤作用。实验结果表明，9种烷基酚类化合物对小鼠睾丸细胞均能引起不同程度的DNA损伤，并呈现剂量效应关系，其高剂量组与对照组相比，均有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。实验结果亦表明，其DNA的损伤程序与化学结构有一定的关系。     

原生质体融合选育高效降酚微生物

以白腐真菌和北京燕山石油化工集团炼油事业部污水厂的活性污泥经驯化筛选后分离获得的革兰氏阳性细菌进行跨界融合 ,经筛选获得 2株高效降酚融合子。正交实验结果表明 ,温度对 2种融合子生长影响有非常显著的作用 (P<0 0 1) ,在 30℃时 2种融合子生长良好。     

混凝法处理油田污水的试验研究

目前 ,含油污水的处理多以回注地下作为处理目标。然而随着油田产生的含油污水日益增多 ,仅回注地下已不能满足生产需要 ,大量处理后的水不得不向地表水体排放。研究了如何处理含油污水并使之达到排放标准。采用PAC、Al2 (SO4 ) 3、PAM等絮凝剂对油田含油污水进行混凝试验研究。试验结果表明 :PAC与PAM复配比单独使用处理效果更好 ,尤其对COD具有很好的去除作用。混凝后含油污水再经过过滤吸附处理 ,完全可以达到GB 8978 1996排放标准     

Dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium leei</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) from Singapore coastal waters produces a water-soluble ichthyotoxin

A strain of Alexandrium leei Balech that was isolated in October 2002 from Singapore coastal waters and identified by light and scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis using LSU rDNA sequences, is toxic to Asian sea bass fingerlings (Lates calcarifer Bloch). The ichthyotoxicity of the algal cells obtained by filtration (15 μm mesh net) and rinsed with sterile culture medium indicated that the toxicity of A. leei was probably not due to bacterial contamination, which was further supported by a negative correlation between the time to death of the fish and the dosage of algal cells applied. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) could not be detected indicating that PST was not the cause of fish mortality. Fish bioassays using frozen culture, heat-treated cultures, cell-free culture medium, and hexane, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of algal cells indicated that A. leei produces a heat-stable, polar ichthyotoxin(s) which can be released from the algal cells into the culture medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU rDNA sequences of A. leei confirmed its identification and indicated that the Singapore strain is more similar to isolates from Malaysia than to a geographically distant strain from Korea. This is the first evidence of icthyotoxin production by A. leei.     

纳米TiO2薄膜在不同陶瓷表面的负载及其光催化性能研究

利用2种不同表面处理的陶瓷作为载体，用溶胶凝胶法在其表面进行了纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的负载。采用X射线衍射法（XRD）、X射线光电于能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电镜（SEM）对薄膜的粒径、横断面及表面组成进行了表征和分析，结果表明，TiO2的平均粒径约为15nm，釉面陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布均匀，膜厚约为300nm；无釉陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布不均，膜层不明显；2种载体中的一些基质离子在TiO2薄膜有渗透。苯酚的降解实验表明，以2种不同表面处理的陶瓷为载体的TiO2薄膜对苯酚的降解均符合一级反应动力学，就催化活性而言，TiO2／釉面陶瓷〉TiO2／无釉陶瓷，分析认为基质渗透的Ca^2＋有降低TiO2光催化活性的作用；该薄膜对实际生产多菌灵废水具有催化降解作用。重复降解实验20次，TiO2／釉面陶瓷和TiO2／无釉陶瓷对苯酚的去除率仅分别降低9％和6％。     

水体系中正癸烯的光催化降解

以中压汞灯为光源 ,研究了水体系中正癸烯 (n C10 H2 0 )在TiO2 光催化氧化作用下的降解。结果表明 ,降解反应符合一级动力学方程 ;n C10 H2 0 在不同粒径TiO2 下的反应速率常数k为 6 .80— 9.90× 10 -3 min-1(在 30 0W中压汞灯下 ) ,其值随粒径的增加而降低 ;在相同粒径下 ,k值随光强增加而增大。同时测定了在水体中掺杂 1wt% (即过渡金属质量占Ti原子质量的百分数 )的过渡金属离子时 ,n C10 H2 0 的光降解速率常数k为 11.4— 15 .9× 10 -3 min-1,因而其对光降解的影响顺序是 :Ag+ >Fe3 + >Pb2 + >Fe2 + >Zn2 + >Mn2 + 。产物经GC/MS分析表明 ,水体中n C10 H2 0 光催化降解生成辛醛、壬醛、癸醛和 2 癸酮。     

Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al13

In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al₁₃, Nano-Al₁₃ was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) solutions which had the same Al₁₃ percentage but different total Al concentrations, by using column chromatography, ethanol-acetone resolving and SO^2? ₄/Ba²⁺ displacement. The Al₁₃ species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and ²⁷Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al₁₃, PAC and AlCl₃ were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000 (PDA2000). The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations, while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations. The SO₄ ^2?/Ba²⁺ displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations. However, extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color. The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al₁₃ also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl₃ because the Nano-Al₁₃ conformation is more effective in charge neutralization.     

Morphological and molecular comparisons of dominant amphioxus populations in the China Seas

The amphioxi Branchiostoma belcheri, Branchiostoma japonicum and Branchiostoma malayanum are recorded from the coast of China Seas. Six amphioxus populations comprising three Branchiostoma species collected from Hong Kong (southern China), Xiamen (south-eastern China) and Qingdao (northern China) were compared at the morphological and molecular levels. Phylogenetic separations among the species and geographic populations were evaluated by the analysis of 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. From morphological characters, B. belcheri is more closely related to B. japonicum than to B. malayanum. However, phylogenetic affinities indicated by both 12S rRNA gene sequences and AFLP analysis showed a more recent phylogenetic splitting of B. belcheri and B. malayanum than that of B. belcheri and B. japonicum. In the AFLP similarity tree, geographic populations of B. japonicum were clustered into different clades. The AFLP data also showed that both B. belcheri and B. japonicum populations in Hong Kong have the highest levels of within-population genetic diversity as compared to that in Xiamen and Qingdao, suggesting that genetic diversity of Branchiostoma decreases from low to high latitudes. Results of hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also revealed a high level of genetic diversity either for the three B. japonicum populations or the two B. belcheri populations in China Seas. However, genetic variation among the three B. japonicum populations was insignificant, indicating that these populations are genetically connected.